When you're creating a Web page, size matters. There's limited space to work with, and page elements take up standard amounts of space. It's a land of constraints, and you've got to know the rules before you get started. Unfortunately, those evil browser makers have been naughty, so the rules aren't simple. Each Web browser has its own playing field with its own quirks. If we don't get to know every one of these playing fields, then our pages might very well look poor in some browser.
If you like control, then we have one piece of advice: Before designing pages with forms, take a deep breath, because it won't be a joyous experience. Form elements don't like to be tamed. Depending on the browser being used, form elements will vary in size, spacing, and typography. This page has two purposes:
If you're coding pages with form elements, we'll tell you which browser displays them at the largest size. Thus, you'll know that if your page looks good in that browser, it will probably hold together in others too. (It's incredibly annoying when we come across a page that has a form element on it that is too big and breaks the design of the page. Clearly the designer didn't test it on all browsers and platforms!)
If you're mocking up pages in Photoshop, we'll give you exact numbers for form element sizes so your mock-ups can be astoundingly accurate. Note: We looked at form elements that had no font or style applied to them (e.g., <FONT SIZE>). Most browsers don't accept fonts or styles applied to forms anyway, and those that do behave inconsistently. In general, avoid applying fonts and styles to forms. If you like control, then we have one piece of advice: Before designing pages with forms, take a deep breath, because it won't be a joyous experience. Form elements don't like to be tamed. Depending on the browser being used, form elements will vary in size, spacing, and typography. This page has two purposes:
If you're coding pages with form elements, we'll tell you which browser displays them at the largest size. Thus, you'll know that if your page looks good in that browser, it will probably hold together in others too. (It's incredibly annoying when we come across a page that has a form element on it that is too big and breaks the design of the page. Clearly the designer didn't test it on all browsers and platforms!)
If you're mocking up pages in Photoshop, we'll give you exact numbers for form element sizes so your mock-ups can be astoundingly accurate. Note: We looked at form elements that had no font or style applied to them (e.g., <FONT SIZE>). Most browsers don't accept fonts or styles applied to forms anyway, and those that do behave inconsistently. In general, avoid applying fonts and styles to forms.
El Mahdy divides her biography of the boy king into three parts: The Archaeological Tutankhamen, The Historical Tutankhamen, and The Real Tutankhmanen. On any one of these, she might have spent several hundred pages. So compact were the second and third parts that a checklist of points would have helped to follow her unraveling of the mystery she introduces by claiming, "the whole of the accepted story [of Tutankhamen]... is completely untrue."
El Mahdy starts with a look at the making of an Archaeologist/Egyptologist. Her own interest was sparked by inconsistencies in the established story, which looked to her to be "a more magical world than that of fairytales," so at the age of seven, she started to learn hieroglyphs to solve the mysteries for herself. After learning the Egyptian symbols, she became a detective of Ancient Egypt learning archaeology as a necessary discipline for her quest. Not to leave readers with an overly glamorous impression of the field, El Mahdy describes the daily tedium as well as the specialized excitement.
To provide background, El Mahdy tells the complicated story of the discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb, from the nineteenth century publication of the Description de L'Égypte, and the bureaucratic and financial problems Howard Carter faced, to the real story behind the curse story that Conan Doyle helped perpetrate following the death of Lord Carnarvon.
The book is full of useful information about the ancient pharaohs. For instance, a pharaoh's first son was usually named after his grandfather rather than his father. The numbers that we append to pharaohs' names were unnecessary. At his coronation, from the fifth dynasty on, the pharaoh was called by five names, including the one given him at birth and "son of Re." Birth names are used by historians and Egyptologists but would not have been the names actually used or the ones on inscriptions.
The naming convention El Mahdy prefers for use in Tutankhamen is the birth name, the pharaonic name, and the traditional number. Amenhotep is Amenhotep III Nebmaatre; his father is Tuthmosis IV Menkheprure; and his second son, the one who succeeded him as king, is Amenhotep IV Neferkherure Waenre (until he took the name Akhenaten to replace his birth name Amenhotep).
I wish in the following hour to take certain psychological doctrines and show their practical applications to mental hygiene,—to the hygiene of our American life more particularly. Our people, especially in academic circles, are turning towards psychology nowadays with great expectations; and, if psychology is to justify them, it must be by showing fruits in the pedagogic and therapeutic lines.
The reader may possibly have heard of a peculiar theory of the emotions, commonly referred to in psychological literature as the Lange-James theory. According to this theory, our emotions are mainly due to those organic stirrings that are aroused in us in a reflex way by the stimulus of the exciting object or situation. An emotion of fear, for example, or surprise, is not a direct effect of the object's presence on the mind, but an effect of that still earlier effect, the bodily commotion which the object suddenly excites; so that, were this bodily commotion suppressed, we should not so much feel fear as call the situation fearful; we should not feel surprise, but coldly recognize that the object was indeed astonishing. One enthusiast has even gone so far as to say that when we feel sorry it is because we weep, when we feel afraid it is because we run away, and not conversely. Some of you may perhaps be acquainted with the paradoxical formula. Now, whatever exaggeration may possibly lurk in this account of our emotions (and I doubt myself whether the exaggeration be very great), it is certain that the main core of it is true, and that the mere giving way to tears, for example, or to the outward expression of an anger-fit, will result for the moment in making the inner grief or anger more acutely felt. There is, accordingly, no better known or more generally useful precept in the moral training of youth, or in one's personal self-discipline, than that which bids us pay primary attention to what we do and express, and not to care too much for what we feel. If we only check a cowardly impulse in time, for example, or if we only don't strike the blow or rip out with the complaining or insulting word that we shall regret as long as we live, our feelings themselves will presently be the calmer and better, with no particular guidance from us on their own account. Action seems to follow feeling, but really action and feeling go together; and by regulating the action, which is under the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the feeling, which is not.
Thus the sovereign voluntary path to cheerfulness, if our spontaneous cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully, to look round cheerfully, and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there. If such conduct does not make you soon feel cheerful, nothing else on that occasion can. So to feel brave, act as if we were brave, use all our will to that end, and a courage-fit will very likely replace the fit of fear. Again, in order to feel kindly toward a person to whom we have been inimical, the only way is more or less deliberately to smile, to make sympathetic inquiries, and to force ourselves to say genial things. One hearty laugh together will bring enemies into a closer communion of heart than hours spent on both sides in inward wrestling with the mental demon of uncharitable feeling. To wrestle with a bad feeling only pins our attention on it, and keeps it still fastened in the mind: whereas, if we act as if from some better feeling, the old bad feeling soon folds its tent like an Arab, and silently steals away.
The most famous Egyptian pharaoh today is, without doubt, Tutankhamun. The boy king died in his late teens and remained at rest in Egypt's Valley of the Kings for over 3,300 years. All that changed in November 1922, when Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered by the British Egyptologist Howard Carter who was excavating on behalf of his patron Lord Carnarvon. His tomb almost escaped discovery and could have been undiscovered to this day. Carter had been searching for the tomb for a number of years and Carnarvon had decided that enough time and money had been expended with little return. However, Carter managed to persaude his patron to fund one more season and within days of resuming the tomb was found. Today, the tomb still contains the pharaoh's remains, hidden from view inside the outermost of three coffins. He is the only pharaoh still residing in the Valley of the Kings - as far as we know! The tomb itself is very small and appears to have been destined for someone of lesser importance. Tutankhamun's unexpected early demise saw the tomb's rushed modification to accommodate the pharaoh.
San Francisco is a 49 square-mile peninsula jutting out between the Pacific Ocean and the San Francisco Bay. Surrounded by water, the Bay Area is connected by a series of seven bridges, some famous, some not. Learn about the two most recognizable bridges here. Bay Bridge Built in 1937, the Bay Bridge connects San Francisco to the East Bay, most notably Oakland and Berkeley. It's most notorious because part of its upper deck collapsed during the 1989 Loma Prieta 7.0 earthquake, killing one person. After a study to see if the bridge could withstand future quakes, it was found that the western span could be retrofitted but that the eastern span (between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland) should be replaced altogeter.