Travel Planner Quick Menu -------------------------------------------------------------- Introducing Uganda Uganda Facts Political Past Recommended Reading and Maps Internet References Entry Visa ' s Uganda Missions Abroad Diplomatic Missions in Uganda Getting There and Away Transportation Bus Time Table and Fares ex Kampala Uganda Wildlife Authority Gorilla Permits Gorilla Rules and Information Birding in Uganda ----------------- Towns and Cities ------------------ Bundibuygo Entebbe Fort Portal Jinja Kabale District Kampala Kasese Kisoro District Lira Masaka Masindi Mbale Mbarara Soroti Tororo --- National Parks and Wildlife Reserves --- Bwindi Impenetrable Forest Katonga Wildlife Reserve Kibale Forest National Park Kidepo Valley National Park Lake Mburo National Park Mga Hinga National Park Mt . Elgon National Park Murchison Falls National Park Queen Elizabeth National Park - Ishasha Queen Elizabeth National Park - Mweya Rwenzori Mountains National Park Semliki Game Reserve Semliki National Park -------------- Special Interest Areas --------------- Budongo Forest Reserve Bujagali Falls Crater Lakes Kaberole District Lake Bunyonyi Kalinzu Forest Reserve Mabira Forest Reserve Mpanga Forest Reserve Ngamba Island Reserve Ssese Islands -------------------------- HOME -------------------------- Uganda is the birders ' ultimate destination Uganda has more bird species per square kilometre than any other country in Africa . Uganda , roughly the same size as the UK , can boast a national list of 1008 species ! This figure represents more than half the bird species that can be found in the whole of Africa . The key to Uganda ' s diversity is its variety of habitats : arid semi - dessert , rich savannahs , lowland and montane rainforests , vast wetlands , volcanoes and an Afro - alpine zone . Uganda covers an altitude from 650 to 5000m . Palm Nut Vulture - Murchison Falls Forests : Situated on the equator Uganda has an area contiguous with the great Guinea / Congo Basin Rainforest on its Western border . Subsequently there are a number of west and central African bird species occurring in Uganda that are not found elsewhere in East Africa . There are more than 700 forest reserves in Uganda . One particular region is the Albertine Rift Endemic area ( ARE ) , which has 38 species of birds confined to Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and the Congo . Of these ARE ’ s Uganda has 25 , mostly confined to the forests of Magahinga and Bwindi National Parks in the Southwest . Wetlands : Uganda has 30 , 000 square kilometers of wetland . 210 species from the Shoebill and African Skimmer to the endemic Fox ' s Weaver . 4 Papyrus endemics ; Papyrus Gonolek , Papyrus Canary , White - winged Warbler and Papyrus Yellow Warbler . A White - winged Black Tern roost of 2 - 3 million birds in the Entebbe area . Savannahs vary from the remote , semi - dessert , dry thorn - scrub region of Karamoja in the Northeast , to the richer fertile savannahs of the western Rift valley . Queen Elizabeth National Park has a bird list of 604 species the highest for any protected area in Africa . Shoebill Stork - UWEC Some of the dry thorn - scrub birds : Swallow - tailed Kite Pygmy Falcon Fox Kestrel Quail Plover Black - headed Plover Lichtenstein ' s and Four - banded Sandgrouse Kori , White - bellied and Hartlaub ' s Bustards White - crested Turaco White - bellied Go - away bird Piapiac Bristle - crowned Starling Abyssinian Roller Abyssinian Ground Hornbill Karamoja Apalis Yellow - billed Shrike Pygmy Sunbird Brown - rumped Bunting Kampala and Entebbe : Over 550 species for the region . A suburban garden list of 206 species . 212 species listed in 12hrs by 3 people . One of the largest urban breeding colony of Marabou Storks . Great Blue and Ross ' s Turacos are common city birds . Within The Kampala region are two major forest reserves less than an hours drive from the city which hold a variety of very special birds that includes : Nahan ' s Francolin Cassin ' s Hawk Eagle Crowned Eagle Blue - breasted and White - bellied Kingfishers Blue - throated Roller Purple - throated Cuckoo - shrike Tit - Hylia Brown Twinspot Grey - rumped and Blue Swallows Emerald , Red - chested and Black Cuckoos Weyn ' s Weaver Some common urban birds : Open - billed Stork Grey - crowned Crane Wahlberg ' s Eagle Palm - nut Vulture Black and White Casqued , Crowned and Pied Hornbills Cuckoo Hawk Bat Hawk White - faced Scops Owl African Grey and Brown Parrots Red - faced Lovebird Black - headed Gonolek Uganda ' s 10 most commonly sought after Birds : Shoebill African Green Broadbill Green - breasted Pitta Nahan ' s Francolin Brown - chested Plover Karamoja Apalis Black Bee - eater Ruwenzori Turaco Red - fronted Antpecker Purvell ' s Illadopsis Top Birding spots in Uganda : Mabamba Swamp : Shoebill Stork - Access from Mpigi 30 km west of Kampala . To get to Mabamba by public transport from Kampala take a taxi from the New Taxi Park to Kasanji . From Kasanji town take a boda - boda to Mabamba Bay for Ushs2 , 000 - . Journey from Kasanji 13 . 5 km . If you are coming with your own vehicle when departing Kampala at the Natete roundabout drive 29 . 1 km and turn left onto a good marrum road to Kasanji which is a further 17 . 5km . At the roundabout in Kasanji town proceed straight for a further 3 . 9 km and turn right for 9 . 6 km where you will arrive at Mabamba Bay . Bwindi Impenetrable Forest : Buhoma - Ruhija - Black Bee - eater , African Green Broadbill Budongo Forest : Kaniyo Pabidi - Purvels Illadopsis , Shinning Blue Kingfisher , White Crested Turaco Budongo Forest : The Royal Mile - Chocolate Backed , Dwarf , Blue Breasted Kingfishers Mga Hinga National Park : Ruwenzori Turaco , Red tufted Malachite Sunbird Murchison Falls : Red Fronted Bee Eaters , Denhams Bustard , Shoebill Mabira Forest : Nahan ' s Francolin and various forest species Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary : Black Billed Turaco , White Spotted Crake Lake Mburo : Papyrus Gonelek , Finfoot Rwenzori Mountains : Various Sunbird species Semliki National Park : White Crested Hornbill , Red Dwarf Hornbill , Red Rumped Tinker Bird Kibale Forest : Green Breasted Pitta Shoebill Stork - Mabamba Swamp Migration : Uganda is situated in a major flyway between the Albertine and Great rift Valleys . Of Uganda ' s 1008 species , 137 are Palearctic migrants . At times of peak Spring passage , Waders congregate at all the muddy lagoons around the Entebbe peninsular with mixed flocks of thousands of birds . Thousands of Steppe Buzzards and migrant Black Kites head south with smaller numbers of Honey Buzzard , Steppe and Booted Eagles each October . Flocks of European Hobbies moving through join their African counterparts to feed at dusk in flocks of upto 30 or more around the hills of Kampala . Barn Swallow and Sandmartins congregate in the millions feeding on the even larger swarms of Lake Flies . The Yellow Wagtail overwinters with an estimated 1 million birds roosting in the reedbeds along the Kazinga Channel in QENP . Conclusion For a 10 - 14 day trip in Uganda a birder could probably see in the region of 400 - 500 species and have had the experience of birded in some of the most exciting and beautiful scenery in Africa . Recommeded reading : Where to watch birds in Uganda - Jonathan Rossouw & Marco Sacchi . Cover picture right . Download this comprehensive free Ugandan bird checklist 650KB compiled by Great Lakes Safaris Ugandan Bird Guides : Uganda ' s top bird guides are all members of The Uganda Bird Guides Association . Within the ranks of the association are several excellent national bird guides and those that specialise regionally .

The summer might be over , but there is no reason to stay indoors . Norway is full of autumn activities for people of all ages with everything from musk ox safaris to salmon fishing . Find something that suits you ! 17 / 10 / 2006 :: The leaves are slowly but surely transforming from the familiar green to a diversity of yellow , orange and red . The beautiful colours is one reason why people trek outdoors , even in the receding summer temperatures . And once outside in the fresh air , there are plenty of activities to embark upon . The four national parks Jotunheimen , Rondane , Dovre and Dovrefjell - Sunndalsfjella offer long stretches of unspoilt nature , and in all parks you can find both organised trips as well as opportunities for solitary relaxation . In the mountain ranges you can observe the musk ox in their habitat . The musk ox is a mighty survivor from the last ice age and can only be found in a few countries , including Norway in the Dovrefjell region . On a musk ox safari you can experience the large animals up close , and possibly get a sniff of their characteristic strong smell . For those looking for inspiration in the kitchen , berry and mushroom hunting can be a good idea . The selection of berries and mushrooms in Norway is one of the biggest in Europe , and if you concentrate you might just find a yellow carpet of mushrooms hiding under the trees . River rafting is perhaps not for the timid , but most tour operators offer trips for both beginners and the advanced . Sjoa is one of the most frequently visited rivers , and runs from Jotunheimen through Gudbrandsdalen . Both rafting and kayaking are popular activities and from the river you can observe a magnificent natural scenery . One of Norway ' s most successful exports is the salmon and it is perhaps not surprising that angling is a popular activity among the Norwegian people . In addition to salmon , there are more than 300 species of fish in Norway , and from the British salmon lords started coming here at the beginning of the 19th century sports fishing has drawn enthusiasts from far and near . For tour operators and more information , go to : www . visitnorway . com Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Send this article to a friend Print version On a musk ox safari you can observe the animals up close . The musk ox is only found in a few countries . Photo : www . opplandbooking . com Rafting for pros and beginners - Norway has both . Photo : Sjoa Rafting There are more than 300 species of fish in Norway , though the country is probably most known for its salmon . Photo : Bernd Kuleisa / Innovasjon Norge

1 . Mountain Gorilla Tracking Uganda is well known worldwide as home to over half of the world ’ s population of mountain gorillas . These primates have their own natural habitat in the tropical rain forests located in the South West of the country . 360 gorillas are living in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park , where four families are habituated for the tourist visits . Gorilla tracking is the first choice for any visitor traveling to Uganda , as this is an unforgettable and unique experience . Acacia Safaris offers the opportunity to realize un unforgettable gorilla safari in Uganda . 2 . Chimpanzee Trekking Uganda is hosting a large population of different species of primates , like chimpanzee , black and white colobus , red tailed monkey , blue monkey , golden monkeys , bush babies . The Chimpanzee trekking is another experience that Uganda offering to its visitors , as there are many families habituated to the human presence . Uganda counts an estimated number of 5 . 000 chimpanzees . This activity is possible in Kibale National Park , Budongo Forest and Kyambura Gorge ( in Queen Elizabeth National Park ) . 3 . Wildlife safaris game drive in the National Parks Uganda offers ten organized National Parks , as well as a number of Natural Forests and Natural Reserve areas , with a broad range of different safaris and wildlife experience . Among the significant attractions are : the boat - launch trips ( in Queen Elizabeth , Murchison Falls , Lake Mburo ) , natural walks and game drives in any park with private vehicles . Very different from other African countries , “ safari ” in Uganda means a real closeness to the nature , the animals , the people , the ambience . Safari in Uganda is a unique opportunity of true , direct and uncontaminated wildlife . 4 . Bird Watching Uganda is gaining an increasing reputation as an exceptional worldwide destination for “ bird watching ” activities . Although the size of Uganda is not particularly big , however it hosts over 1000 species of birds ( whereas in Europe there are 700 species ) , also due to the diversity of its territory ( from the Lake Victoria , to Rwenzori mountains , to the desert land of Karamoja ) . Bird watching activities are available basically everywhere : from the Ssese islands of Lake Victoria , to the National Parks and Natural Reserves . Amongst the birds , many are special , such as Shoebill stork , Papyrus gonolek , African fish eagle , horn bills , lyre tailed honey guide . The best sites for bird watching are : Semliki National Park and Wildlife Reserve , Bwindi Impenetrable National Park , Queen Elizabeth National park , Lake Mburo National Park , Murchison Falls National Park , Mabira Forest and Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary . Acacia Safaris offers a well qualified birding guides and specific itineraries . 5 . Water Rafting and Source of the Nile The legendary Source of the river Nile from Lake Victoria is located in Uganda , close to Jinja town . This is the starting point for the white water rafting route , which is widely regarded to be as exhilarating as the more famous Zambesi Gorge below Victoria Falls . About 10 kms downriver of the Source of the Nile is Bujagali Falls , a series of impressive rapids , fantastic scenery even for spending a relaxing day . The whitewater rafting activities have three options : half day , full day and two days , from a minimum of 5 kilometers to 30 kilometers . All levels and ages are considered ; safety is guaranteed by high professional staff and equipments . Acacia Safaris is booking your unforgettable rafting experience on river Nile . 6 . Rwenzori Mountaneering , the “ Mountains of the Moon ” Rwenzori is the biggest mountain range in Africa , running for over 120 kms along the border with Congo . Originated from the geological phenomena along the Albertine Rift Valley , It has not a volcanic origin unlike many other African mountains . Today it is enclosed within the Rwenzori Mountains National Park . In the central part , there are six main mountains . The highest is Mount Stanley , whose main snow covered peak , Margherita , 5 . 109m , is the third in Africa , only after Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya . In the legend Rwenzori Mountains are known as the “ Mountains of the Moon ” . The first climber to ascend the highest peaks of Rwenzori was the Italian Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy the Duke of Abruzzi in 1906 . 2006 is the Centenary of the historical climbing . Joint initiatives will occur both in Italy and Uganda aimed at promoting the image of this little known area of the world , far from the international tourist circuits . Visit the official website of the Celebrations and for information on the Rwenzori : www . rwenzoriabruzzi . com . Activities : Visitors to the Rwenzori can undertake the seven days long “ central circuit ” trekking , with possible climbing up to the main peaks . Otherwise a number of hiking options ( one day , two days or more ) are possible from the locations surrounding the Park ( Kasese , Fort Portal , Ibanda ) . It is remarkable that many people visit Rwenzori to experience the extraordinary vegetation , the colorful flowers and lobelias . Visits to Rwenzori are advisable during the dry season from December to February and from June to September . Acacia Safaris promotes the Rwenzori trekking and climbing as an unforgettable experience for whoever likes mountaineering and trekking in an original and exclusive place . 7 . Ecotourism and Cultural Tours Uganda is a multicultural and multi tribal society , with at least 33 tribes and languages . Many regions in Uganda have kingdoms including the Buganda , Busoga , Bunyoro and Toro . Kingdoms and tribe are still very meaningful for people ’ s life , beliefs and uses . The main Ugandan tribe is the Baganda , corresponding to the area of Kampala and Entebbe , today represented by the Buganda king and Buganda Parliament in Kampala ( Bulanghe ) , where the chiefs ( head of tribes ) are seating to discuss the problems and life of their people . As a consequence , tourism in Uganda is also : cultural tourism , traditional handicraft , dance and music performances , local medicine demonstration , local brewery production ( banana beer , sorghum beer ) , local beliefs and their traditional sites . For this reason it is well developed the form of “ community tourism ” , also with a proper association , UCOTA ( Uganda Community Tourism Association ) , which is working for improving the livelihoods of the local village communities . Uganda is the paradise of “ ecotourisme ” , where visitors are welcome as the people see them as a vehicle for a sustainable tourist development . In Uganda tourist activities are carried out in the respect of the environment and culture . There are plenty possibility for eco - friendly itineraries , including nature walks , trekking , cycling . 8 . Ssese Islands and Lake Victoria Much of the Ugandan territory is covered with water , rivers and lakes . The biggest lakes are : Victoria , Albert , Edward , Kyoga . In particular , Lake Victoria – the biggest in Africa - is becoming a tourist destination in Uganda thanks to the attractions offered by the archipelago of the Ssese Islands , though is still a virgin place . These are 84 in number : some of them are very small ; others have big extension and population , like Bugala Island , which is actually hosting most or the accommodation , beach and activities , like fishing , bird watching excursions , and boat riding . The second and spectacular island is Bukasa , where you can experience real fishermen village life , natural walks in an uncontaminated forest , experiencing African crops and fruits . Activities . Ssese Islands are reachable through public transport boats from Kasenyi Landing Site or by ferry boat from Entebbe Pier to Lutoboka Bay in Bugala Island . Other internal transportation can be arranged by hiring private boats . 9 . Sport Fishing Sport fishing is done on Lake Victoria and Murchison Falls National Park . The main catch of the Lake is the Nile Perch , which is the largest fresh water game fish in the whole world ; the method of fishing is by use of trolling lures . The most common fish of the lake is tilapia . At Murchison Falls , fish are often caught using a live bait . Fishing is generally done over a few days , requiring some level of fitness and experience . Acacia Safaris organizes your sport fishing activity , especially if you choose to visit Ssese Islands . 10 . Kampala Kampala is the capital city of Uganda , with over 1 . 2 milion inhabitants ( Census 2002 ) . Originally , like Rome , was founded on seven hills , each with its own particular function ( Namirembe , Makerere , Kibuli , Kololo , Rubaga , Mulago and Old Kampala ) . It is named after “ impala ” , which is an antelope specie common in the region . Kampala is also the political capital of Buganda Kingdom , and hosts the Parliament ( Bulanghe ) , the Royal Palace and the tombs of the kings ( Kasubi tombs ) . The Buganda tribe represents over 20 % of the whole population in Uganda and it speaks Luganda , which is the spoken language in Kampala and most of Southern Uganda . Kampala is a modern and very safe town , which offers to her visitors a number of cultural and artistic sites , a part from the entertainments and the possibilities for walking through the shops and markets of the city centre . Sightseeing in Kampala : The National Theatre , The Parliament Building , “ Nommo ” Art Gallery , Uganda Museum , African Exposure Craft Market , Kasubi Tombs , Bulange ( Buganda kingdom Parliament ) , Saint Paul ’ s Namirembe Protestant Cathedral , Saint Mary ’ s Rubaga Catholic Cathedral , Hindu Temple Bahai , Kibuli Mosque . Back to Uganda main page .. <<

the last ten years peace and tranquillity have returned to most of Uganda . The country has regained the qualities for which it was once named " The Pearl of Africa " : sprawling game reserves , breathtaking views , rich cultural traditions and the people . Uganda attracts the free spirits , the Africa lovers , and the adventure seekers . There is much to see and do - the sheer exhilaration rafting of the mighty Nile , the unforgetable awe of trekking mountain gorillas , majestic forests , birdwatching , the excitement of stalking chimpanzees in the wild , Murchison Falls where the Nile River plunges twenty metres through a seven metre crevice , the wonder of climbing Mt . Elgon , the serene beauty of the many islands in Lake Victoria , the World Heritage listed Rwenzori Mountains - truly an unforgetable life experience , and many other beautiful places . BREAKING NEWS - RWENZORI MTS MAY RE - OPEN VERY SOOOOOOON !! From the source of the White Nile on Lake Victoria to the snow capped Rwenzori Mountains , from the plains of Kidepo National Park to the lush forests of Bwindi National Park , Uganda is a country of astonishing contrasts and rich diversity . Mt Elgon National Park is situated on the Uganda / Kenya border and is about 30km north east of Mbale town . You may book to climb Mt Elgon either in Mbale at the Uganda Wildlife offices ( quite a walk from the centre of town ) or book when you get up to Budadiri . There is a small basic campground at Budadiri and the park rangers will pick you the morning of your trek . A five day permit costs $ 90 plus you have to pay for a guide at $ 10 per day and porters at $ 7 per day . Mt . Elgon is a relatively easy mountain to climb , but you definitely need warm clothes , a tent and a rain coat as it can be cold nd rainy . The best time of the year to climb is June to August and December to March which is during the dry season . Sipi Falls on the northern side of the mountain is well worth the time to visit . There are several campsites however the Crows Nest is the most popular with bandas and camping overlooking Sipi Falls . Murchison Falls National Park is about four hours drive from Kampala , situated north of Masindi and bisected by the Nile River . Murchison Falls is spectular with the Nile River forcing it ' s way through a seven metre wide chasm . From Para Rest Camp you can organize a boat trip up the Victoria for $ 10 per person ( minimium 10 people ) where you are treated to spectular viewing of hippos , crocodiles basking in the sun , elephants , bufflo , and many other animals . At the base of the falls you stop on a small island so as to experience the unforgetable atmosphere . The park is home to the much sort after shoebill stork whick lives in the many papyrus swamps and is popular amongst birders . To experience the best game drives it is better to organize a ranger or guide , cross the river on one of the ferries ( $ 40 over & back ) and do a game drive in the north western sector . Kidepo Valley National Park is tucked away in the savannah of the remote Northeast region . Many say it has the most striking scenery in all of Uganda . It is host to more large mammal species than any other national park in Uganda ; 28 are found nowhere else in Uganda , among these are : jackal , African hunting dog , bat eared fox , striped hyena , aardwolf , cheetah , and caracal , Grant¹s gazelle , greater kudu , lesser kudu , roan antelope , Beira oryx , Guenther¹s dik dik , mountain reedbuck , common duiker , klipspringer , oribi , Defassa waterbuck , Uganda kob , and bohor reedbuck . This alone is impressive , but when combined with the over 460 bird species , it becomes one of the most faunistically impressive national park in all Uganda . The only drawback is the fact that it takes considerable time or money or both to reach . By far the best way to reach Kidepo is by chartering a flight . This will cost about $ 380 a person but you need a minimum of 5 people before you can charter the flight . Otherwise you are looking at a 280 km . road through treacherous land . There are a few places to stay , but they range widely in price from $ 10 to $ 200 . If you want ³ o ff the beaten track² then this is the place for you . Or it is possible to catch public transport up to Soroti then make your way up to Kaabong from there you may get the supply truck from the park which comes into Kaabong every Saturday morning to pick up supplies and returns to the park Saturday afternoon . This arrangement is only for travellers ( tourists ) to get into to park and not a local transport . Although it is considered safe to travel to Moroto via Soroti , it is NOT recommended to travel Mbale directly to Moroto as there is problems with renegade groups . However having said that a much better way to get up to Kidepo National Park is to travel from Kampala to Kidepo is via Lira to Kitido by bus . This bus leaves Kampala daily and arrives in Kitido at around sunset . From Kitido although not regular you can get transport to Kaabong where every Saturday you may catch the supply truck which goes to Kaabong on a shopping trip every saturday .. This is a special arrangement for tourists only who wish to visit Kidepo National Park . Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is one of the best places to see the mountain gorilla in Uganda . As you might guess from the name , this is a genuine tropical rainforest . About half of the worlds mountain gorilla population live within the park and this is the main reason for visiting the park . There are also around 93 mammal species and 345 bird species inhabiting the area . The best approach for getting to see the gorillas is to contact a Kampala tour operator and give them a window which you will be available to visit the park . You can expect to pay $ 250 for the excursion , but its well worth the money . The experience of seeing mountain gorillas up close i the wild is one of the most unforgettable experiences you can have in ³ t h e pearl of Africa² . Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is the smallest park in Uganda and is 1 of 2 parks that you can see the mountain gorilla . It has incredible panoramic views of the Virunga Mountains - a series of 6 extinct and 3 active volcanoes . The park protects 76 mammal species , which includes : the golden monkey , black and white colobus , leopard , elephant , giant forest hog , bushpig , buffalo , and bushbuck . Also , the park hosts 87 bird species . There are several activities to pursue in the park including : caving , forest walks , and day hikes which could easily occupy a week of your time . There is a nice , inexpensive place to stay , Amarijambere Iwacu Community Campground , just outside the park . Camping is $ 3 ( $ 4 for a hired tent ) . There are bandas for $ 10 and dorm beds cost $ 5 . For Mgahinga , gorilla permits are $ 175 plus $ 15 park entrance . Lake Bunyonyi , meaning ³ p l a c e of little birds² , is a great place to relax for a couple of days . The lake is very beautiful , with many small islands and is surrounded by terraced hills . The lake is a beautiful place to get away from the hustle and makes quite a romantic setting nestling in the hills . There are several buses from Kampala to Kabale everyday . This will take about 6 hours and costs $ 12 , 000 . To get to the lake from Kabale , you may get a taxi which should cost about 10 , 000 - or alternatively - Mondays and Fridays there is a local market at the lake so there is plenty of public transport for 1 , 000 . Kibale Forest Reseve , 25 km south of Fort Portal is home to the highest density of primates in Africa . While the main attraction are the chimpanzee , other primates include the red - tailed monkey , vervet , L Hoest ' s . blue monkey , grey cheeked manabey , red colobus , black and white colobus , and olive baboon . Over 300 bird species can be found within the park boundries . Kibale Forest has involved the local community in eco - tourism projects and preservation of wildlife . Both staff and community are enthustastic about the future of the park and animal / bird species within - well done - . Visitation fees are $ 7 for non residents and $ 5 for residents . You may camp inside the park for $ 10 which is a great experience . Nearby Bogodi Wetland Santuary and Lake Nkuruba are well worth visiting with Lake Nkuruba running a campsite with camping , bandas and a small hut overlooking the lake . The forest around the small crater lake is home to much wildlife and often visited by chimpanzee as they travel through the area . Rwenzori National Park , ( POSSIBILY RE - OPENING SOON ) unfortunately the Rwenzori Mountains were closed three years ago due to insecurity and rebel activity in the area , however since January 2000 the situation has been calm . Early this year ( 2000 ) his Excellency , the Honorable President of Uganda , Yoweri Kaguta Museveni climbed to the top of the Rwenzori with several journalists to show that security was OK and the journalists wrote saying that the mountains should be reopened . Since then three seperate groups of mountaineers have climbed and returned with glowing reports of their experience . They were also very pleased with the Ugandan Army , their attitude towards tourists and professional commitment to maintaining security . It has been recommended that the park be re - opened however there is a lot to be done . The bridge crossing is in poor condition and needs repair , the huts need repair , and infrastucture needs to be put in place . We have been told that all going well , as soon as is possible the Rwenzori Mountains will re - open and once again become a major attraction in East Africa . The board of Uganda Wildlife Authority is to hear latest developments and suggestions at their next board meeting and discuss the possibility of re - opening the park , if the answer is ' yes ' then , their recommendation will be forwarded to the Ministry of Tourism , discussed , and plans made on how to implement any discission . Should it be to open revelant arrangements and processes will then be made for the Ministry of Tourism to officially anounce the decision . Trekking will not be allowed prior to opening however there is HOPE . We will keep you posted as soon as news breaks , with prices , how to arrange and book

IT S ALL KOBS : Hima manager Dennis Kashero ( left ) hands utl Kobs team their prize By Kalungi Kabuye Main Cup final Utl Kobs 22 Harlequins 5 Plate Final MTN Heathens 19 Impis 0 Bowl final Impis II 20 Bruins 5 Shield final Rhinos 32 Saracens 0 KOBS ' formidable run continued yesterday as they made easy work of Kenyan side Harlequins , beating them convincingly 22 - 5 to win the 2006 Hima Mak rugby 10s . The utl Kobs capped a great year with the victory at Kyadondo but , admitted the Hima contest was tougher this year . The presence of the Kenyan teams means you cannot take anything for granted , so it was indeed a tougher tournament than last year , Kobs captain Timothy Mudoola said . But the players had the right attitude , they clearly wanted to win , and it s the sweeter for that because we can achieve a sweep of all the trophies this year . Kob s Simon Wakabi was top try scorer with 52 points , while James Gichuru from Impis was named the MVP . In the Plate , MTN Heathens took out revenge on the Hima Impis , crushing them 19 - 0 , while Impis II salvaged something for the hosts by beating MUBS Bruins 20 - 5 to lift the Bowl . Kobs reached the final after seeing off Nairobi University s Mean Machine 12 - 7 in the quarters . Pirates drew 0 - 0 with MTN Heathens , who had to win a toss of a coin to advance to the semis . The Hima 10s are traditionally the last item on the rugby calendar , but with this year s World Cup qualifiers , the Sevens Circuit has two legs left .

POST : MANAGER CORPORATE PLANNING ( 01 POSITION ) DEPARTMENT : CORPORATE SERVICES REPORTS TO : ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER RESEARCH & PLANNING ROLE : Plan and coordinate the development and evaluation of the URA business plans in line with the URA corporate strategy KEY RESULT AREAS : 1 . Coordinate and supervise the preparation of annual URA business plans , monitor and evaluate their implementation in line with URA business strategy . 2 . Coordinate the compilation of URA departmental Business plans ( including planning charts and checklists ) , monitor implementation and prepare the evaluation reports in line with the URA Business strategy 3 . Evolve revenue collection strategies for existing and new heads to ensure revenue collection growth and sustainability and initiate / examine feasibility for new tax heads in line with URA business strategy . 4 . Formulate a framework for soliciting information from internal and external clients and support the forecast and planning to ensure optimal performance in tax administration operations . 5 . Manage the development of strategy / concept papers covering all URA tax heads and specifically recommending any necessary systems re - engineering or corporate image improvement measures . 6 . Manage the performance and development of staff in line with the URA Human Resource Management Manual . Person specifications a ) Character : Candidate must have Strategic , conceptual and analytical skills Self driven person with excellent Oral and written communication skills A results oriented person with ability to work under pressure . Interpersonal and client interaction skills with ability to lead and work as part of a team Versatility and willingness to work across various functional areas . Demonstrated high level of integrity b ) Qualifications : Essential : A Bachelors degree in Economics or Statistics from a recognized Institution . Post Graduate qualifications in strategy development or management . A demonstrated interest and knowledge in tax policy formulation and tax administration . Added Advantage : Research related or project management training . Considerable knowledge of and exposure to challenges facing tax Administration . Computer Literacy and proficiency in management software like PRIMAVERA . c ) Experience : Must have experience in performing economic evaluations , feasibility studies and preparing requests for budgetary approval . Must have experience in budget management and forecasting and project management . At least 4 years experience in corporate strategy development , business analysis and plan execution monitoring work in a reputable organization and at least two of these should be at middle or top levels in the hierarchy . POST : SUPERVISOR RESEARCH AND STATISTICS ( 01 Position ) DEPARTMENT : CORPORATE SERVICES REPORTS TO : MANAGER RESEARCH AND STATISTICS ROLE : Collect and analyze revenue related data for decision making in line with Departmental Guidelines . KEY RESULT AREAS : 1 . Collect , compile , analyze data and information to identify areas of potential revenue loss in the assigned sector ( s ) , and generate a report in line with the Departmental Guidelines 2 . Profile , Identify , collect and establish the tax status of various taxpayers and advise collecting departments in line with Departmental Guidelines 3 . Evaluate the impact of tax policy measures on the main revenue lines and generate periodical reports in line with Departmental Guidelines . 4 . Carry out Macro and Micro economic analysis on tax revenue to provide executive support for tax policy and administration purposes in line with Departmental Guidelines . 5 . Compile and consolidate all URA related statistical data for revenue and expenditure analysis in accordance with the set reporting standards . 6 . Manage the performance and development of staff in line with the URA Human Resource Management Manual . Person Specifications : a ) Character : Candidate must have Strategic , conceptual and analytical skills Self driven person with excellent Oral and written communication skills A results oriented person with ability to work under pressure . Interpersonal and client interaction skills with ability to lead and work as part of a team Demonstrated high level of integrity b ) Qualifications : Essential : A degree in Economics , Business Administration , Commerce or Statistics . Research - related training especially in statistical analysis , econometrics and research methods . Added Advantage : A demonstrated interest , knowledge and hands on experience in tax policy / administration and exposure to the current challenges in tax revenue reporting / statistics . Computer Literacy and proficiency in econometric tools like STATA , E - VIEWS , LIMDEP or SPSS . c ) Experience : Must have experience in research and statistical methods / modules including analysis of variance , multiple regression , survey sampling , multivariate methods , experimental design and nonparametric statistics . At least 3 years technical or professional experience in quantitative and qualitative research , statistical data analysis techniques and program evaluation in a reputable organization . Benefits : These are middle management positions in the authority with an attractive remuneration package for the successful candidates APPLICATION PROCEDURE : ( a ) Interested candidates should post their applications , including a detailed Curriculum Vitae and copies of relevant certificates , testimonials and two ( 2 ) referees in sealed envelopes to : The Commissioner Corporate Services Uganda Revenue Authority P . O . Box 7279 , Kampala OR Hand delivered to : The Assistant Commissioner Human ResourceUganda Revenue Authority - Training Centre Lugogo Bypass . ( b ) Applications should reach by 5 : 00pm of Friday 24th November , 2006 . ( c ) NB : Only short listed candidates will be contacted .

I refer to Wafula Oguttu s commentary in The New Vision of October 6 on page 10 titled , Who should we blame for sleepy ministers ? Wafula , the FDC party spokesman , was referring to President Yoweri Museveni s speech at a government retreat where the President reportedly told his Ministers and Permanent Secretaries that they are a sleepy lot , inefficient and wasteful . The honest and frank internal criticism within government has gotten a lot of minds exercised , not least that of Wafula Oguttu . He has not had much to tell the country apart from some dodgy interpretation of financial numbers in government . He missed the point which was the fact that there is honest self assessment in government . We have not had any admission of the inadequacies of our opposition . It only happens with the odd disgruntlement like when internal intrigue rigs people out of opportunities such as positions in the shadow cabinet , East African Legislative Assembly or facilitation by the state . So it is understandable that such dynamism which is alien to FDC is construed as a vote of not confidence . Wafula has conveniently forgotten their social scandals and personal differences that rocked their retreat at Ranch on the Lake . It is said that one of their leaders was on the receiving end of quite a few slaps from her man for flirting with a less than honourable colleague . Then there were some female officials who were tearing at each other over political supremacy . I do not recall any resignations or departures as a result . Certainly Wafula was studiously silent . You may recall that not so long ago , Wafula was boasting in these pages about training me among many others . It is true and by the time I left I had been working under him for four years . Those who like me went through his hands will remember lots of good things about Waf , as we called him . But there were some very significant limitations too . Wafula does interfere a lot with other people s work . I am made to believe that this is a habit he has carried to his current role at FDC . When I worked as the Legal and Administration Officer , he handled all the legal matters directly with the company lawyer who was also his brother in - law . He would go over supervisors and deal directly with their reports sometimes to find fault on the part of the different bosses . I can say this because I worked with him . But for him to say so of President Museveni with whom he has never worked or worked for , is to engage in rumour mongering , quite typical for those who know him well . It is therefore rather rich of him to criticise others for failing to deal with a vice which he has richly nurtured . When he was in charge at The Monitor , there were some glaring errors which he did not correct . I remember standing outside the Dewinton Road office with him and Kyazze , the two of us telling him he needed a proper marketing department to sell for revenue rather than just administering distribution of newspapers . He did not think it was necessary . Yet you hear him mourning about loss of advertising revenue because of a ban by government . He simply lacked initiative to deal with the issue . For a long time he was told about debilitating cost of the chaos in the accounts department yet he failed to do anything about it . Then he compounded it by entering a newspaper distribution deal that hindered circulation growth . This combination of factors led to a forced sale to the Aga Khan . It was not the sweetheart deal it was presented to be . Waf s leadership at The Monitor had the dubious reputation of presiding over two workers strikes that led to departures including one led by an active shareholder . Yet Wafula did not have the decency to leave in the manner he is advising President Museveni . He was forced out by the majority shareholder to pave way for better performance . Waf s track record at the helm of any organisation is perhaps the best evidence of his own assertion that accountability and self respect are alien to the country . For now the majority shareholders of Uganda think Museveni s leadership is performing , which is why he is still around . Every time the President asks poor or non performers to leave government , the Wafulas come out to say that the President does not tolerate dissent . No wonder many have wound up in his political stable . Birds of the same feathers flock together . It is this reason that the population rejected them including Wafula who performed dismally at the parliamentary elections . There is something extra that the people in his village know which rhymes with what I and his majority shareholders may find familiar . The new doomsday message that predicts an apocalyptic end to the NRM rule is just a smokescreen for the internal crisis of confidence in FDC . It masks the woeful inadequacy to address and deal with the real issues . That is why their message is one of lies , distortion and hatred for one man , Museveni . Readers would have been better served if this space had been sold to advertise the work of a more enterprising business . The writer is the Director of the Government Media Centre

Cisco Certified Network Associate ( CCNA ) Programme Programme Cisco Certified Network Professional ( CCNP ) Programme IT - Essentials Cisco Certified Network Associate ( CCNA ) Programme CCNA is a comprehensive curriculum that includes four separate modules . The curriculum emphasizes the use of decision - making and problem - solving techniques to resolve networking issues . Students learn how to install and configure switches and routers in local and wide - area networks using various protocols and provide Level 1 troubleshooting service , and improve network performance and security . Additionally , training is provided in the proper care , maintenance , and use of networking software tools and equipment . The CCNA certification course features the following modules : • CCNA1 — Networking Basics Upon completion of CCNA 1 , the students will be able to perform tasks related to the following : * Introduction to networking , network math , networking fundamentals * Cabling LANS and WANS , cable testing and working with networking media such as ; copper , optical and wireless media . * Ethernet fundamentals , Ethernet switching and Ethernet technologies * OSI Model , TCP / IP Protocol suite and IP addressing * Routing fundamentals and subnets • CCNA2 — Routers and Routing Basics Upon completion of CCNA 2 , the students will be able to perform tasks related to the following : * Router Configuration , Operating Cisco IOS Software , router boot sequence and verification , and managing the Cisco file system of a router . * Routing and Routed protocols * TCP / IP Suite Error and control messages * Basic router troubleshooting * Access Control Lists ( ACLs ) and restricting network access using ACLs • CCNA3 — Switching Basics and Intermediate Routing Upon completion of CCNA 3 , the students will be able to perform tasks related to the following : * Classless routing , Variable length subnet masking ( VLSM ) * Configuration of protocols such as ; Single Area OSPF and EIGRP * Switch Configuration * Virtual LAN ( VLAN ) configuration and troubleshooting . * Virtual Trunking Protocol ( VTP ) and Inter - VLAN Routing • CCNA4 — WAN Technologies Upon completion of CCNA 4 , the students will be able to perform tasks related to the following : * Scaling Networks with NAT ( Network Address Translation ) and PAT ( Port Address Translation ) * WAN Design and WAN Technologies such as ; Frame relay , Digital Subscribers Line ( DSL ) , ISDN , Leased Line , and X . 25 . * Serial Point - to - Point Links ( PPP ) * Network administration and management of workstations and servers . Minimum admission Requirements To be admitted for a course leading to the award of CCNA Certificate , a candidate must have completed O ' Level and thus possesses O ' Level Certificate . Cisco Certified Network Professional ( CCNP ) Programme The professional - level curriculum builds on CCNA with more complex network configurations , diagnosis , and troubleshooting . Students learn about complex network configurations and how to diagnose and troubleshoot network problems . Trains students to install configure and operate local - and wide - area networks ( LANs and WANs ) , and dial access services for organizations with networks from 100 to more than 500 nodes with protocols and technologies such as : TCP / IP , OSPF , EIGRP , BGP , ISDN , Frame Relay , STP , and VTP . The focus is on developing those skills that enable students to implement scalable networks , build campus networks using multilayer switching technologies , create and deploy a global intranet , and troubleshooting routers and switches for multiprotocol client hosts and services . The CCNP certification course features the following modules : • CCNP1 Advanced Routing Upon completion of CCNP1 , students will be able to perform advanced routing tasks including : * Selecting and configuring scalable IP addresses * Implementing technologies to redistribute and support multiple , advanced , IP routing protocols such as OSPF , EIGRP , and BGP * Configuring access lists * Designing and testing edge router connectivity into a BGP network • CCNP2 Remote Access Upon completion of CCNP2 , students will be able to perform advanced remote access tasks including : * Configuring Asynchronous connections * Point - to - Point Protocol ( PPP ) architecture , protocol , callback , and compression * ISDN architecture , protocol layers , BRI and DDR * Configuring X . 25 , Frame Relay , and AAA • CCNP3 Multilayer Switching Upon completion of CCNP3 , students will be able to perform multilayer switching tasks including : * Fast Ethernet , Gigabit Ethernet * VLAN basics , types , identification , and trunking protocol * Spanning Tree Protocol * MLS processes , and configuration * Multicasting protocols , routing , and tasks • CCNP4 Network Troubleshooting Upon completion of CCNP4 , students will be able to perform network - troubleshooting tasks in areas such as : * OSI Layers 1 , 2 , and 3 * TCP / IP , LAN switching , VLANs , Frame Relay , ISDN , Appletalk , Novell , EIGRP , OSPF , BGP Admission Requirements To be admitted for a course leading to the award of CCNP Certificate , a candidate must have completed CCNA and thus possesses CCNA certificate . IT - Essentials This course introduces students to information technology and data communications . This hands - on , lab - oriented course stresses laboratory safety and working effectively in a group environment . • IT Essentials I : PC Hardware and Software Competencies Presents an in - depth exposure to computer hardware and operating systems . Students learn the functionality of hardware and software components as well as suggested best practices in maintenance , and safety issues . Through hands on activities and labs , students learn how to assemble and configure a computer , install operating systems and software , and troubleshoot hardware and software problems . In addition , an introduction to networking is included . Acquired competencies include : * Building a computer and installation of the motherboard , floppy and hard drives , CD - ROM , and video cards . * Installing and managing Windows operating systems . * Adding peripherals and multimedia capabilities . * Knowledge of local - area network architecture , networking protocols and the OSI Model , and TCP / IP utilities . * Connecting the computer to a local area network and to the Internet . * In addition to basic networking concepts , the functions and configurations of a network are also covered . • IT Essentials II : Network Operating Systems This hands - on , lab - oriented course is designed to be an overview of network operating systems and specifically covers the Linux Red Hat Network operating system . Students will learn how to use the Linux operating system , the K Desktop Environment ( KDE ) , and GNU Network Object Model ( GNOME ) . This course will be a stepping stone to help prepare students for challenging careers , such as skilled hardware support professional and Linux support professional . Acquired competencies include : * Configuration of network services , including basic network security and troubleshooting . * Use fundamental command - line features of the Linux environment including file system navigation , file permissions , the vi text editor , command shells , and basic network use . * Explore GUI features including Applications Manager , Text Editor , printing , and mail . * Know basic administrative tasks with Windows 2000 . Minimum admission Requirements To be admitted for a course leading to the award of Certificate in IT Essentials , a candidate must have basic knowledge about the computer or she / he completed CCA . • Fundamentals of Wireless Local Area Networks ( WLANS ) Fundamentals of Wireless LANs is a course that focuses on the design , planning , implementation , operation and troubleshooting of wireless networks . It covers a comprehensive overview of technologies , security , and design best practices with particular emphasis on hands - on skills in the following areas : * Wireless LAN setup & troubleshooting * 802 . 11a & 802 . 11b technologies , products and solutions * Site Surveys * Resilient WLAN design , installation and configuration * WLAN Security - 802 . 1x , EAP , LEAP , WEP , SSID * Vendor interoperability strategies * Wireless bridging The Wireless LANs course advances students on a career path toward the following occupations : systems engineer , product support engineer , and systems integrator . For higher - education bound students , this course prepares them for electrical engineering or computer and management information systems degree programs . * Design a logical wireless LAN architecture for mobile wireless users in compliance with IEEE 802 . 11 standards . * Demonstrate knowledge of the theory regarding the most common factors that influence WLANs ( including EM spectrum , radio wave propagation , modulation techniques , and frequency and channel usage in wireless technologies ) . * Installation of in - building and building - to - building WLANs with Cisco devices and appropriate antennas that meet mobility and throughput specifications , including the site survey and documentation . * Perform hardware setup and software configuration of Cisco Aironet wireless products including security using WEP , Cisco LEAP , and 802 . 1x protocols . * Upgrade wireless products and troubleshoot performance issues using event logging , command - line utilities , and diagnostic tools . • Fundamentals of Network Security Fundamentals of Network Security teaches students to design and implement security solutions that will reduce the risk of revenue loss and vulnerability . This course teaches students to design and implement security solutions to reduce the risk of revenue loss and vulnerability . This course combines hands - on experience , instructor - led lectures , and a Web - based curriculum for students Acquired course competencies include : * Security policy design and management * Security technologies , products and solutions * Firewall and secure router design , installation , configuration and maintenance * AAA implementation using routers and firewalls * VPN implementation using routers and firewalls Specifics . * Select appropriate security hardware , software , policies , and configurations based on an organization ' s assessment of its security vulnerabilities in order to provide protection against known security threats . * Perform advanced installation , configuration , monitoring , troubleshooting , maintenance , and recovery on Cisco IOS ® and PIX ® firewalls . * Configure intrusion detection feature on the Cisco IOS router and PIX firewalls . * Install and configure CSACS for AAA service on Cisco IOS and PIX firewalls . * Configure site - to - site VPNs between Cisco devices and remote access VPNs between Cisco device and clients to ensure privacy and confidentiality . The Network Security course advances students on a career path toward the following occupations : network security analyst , senior systems analyst , and systems architect . For higher education bound students , this course prepares them for electrical engineering or computer and management information systems degree programs . Minimum admission Requirements To be admitted for a course leading to the award of Certificate in WLANs , a candidate must have completed all four CCNA modules .

[ Date Prev ] [ Date Next ] [ Thread Prev ] [ Thread Next ] [ Date Index ] [ Thread Index ] RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP To : < taskforce @ uixp . co . ug > Subject : RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP From : lunghabo @ linuxsolutions . co . ug Date : Mon , 4 Feb 2002 11 : 47 : 04 + 0300 Content - transfer - encoding : 7BIT Content - type : text / plain ; charset = US - ASCII Delivered - To : taskforce - archive @ lists . eahd . or . ug Delivered - To : taskforce @ uixp . co . ug In - reply - to : < 3329C67DF372FD429F610AF04ACDC5381126A5 @ ugamailudb . mtn . co . ug > Sender : owner - taskforce @ lists . eahd . or . ug Barbara could you please indicate to us a concrete suggestionon how the IXP can out source its proposed services and yet at the same time allay Mr . Hans ' fears of IXP guys knowing too much about another network ? Otherwise I think Mr . Badru ' s submission is okay . Lunghabo On 2 Feb 2002 , at 10 : 07 , Barbara du Plessis wrote : > I totally concur with Hans ' comments . > In addition , MTN already offers IXP services to its customers and as > such would be unwilling to reallocate nor procure additional resources > for the UIXP . For practical and financial reasons it may be beneficial > for the UIXP to consider outsourcing its proposed services rather than > investing in infrastructure and resources which it can ill afford . > Contractually it can ensure all goals and policies are achieved and > maintained and can thereby focus on strategic and administrative > issues pertinent to the interest of all its members . > > Barbara du Plessis > GM IT > MTN Uganda Limited > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From : Hans U . Haerdtle [ mailto : hansu @ imul . com ] > Sent : Saturday , February 02 , 2002 1 : 58 AM > To : Badru Ntege ; techies @ uixp . co . ug > Cc : taskforce @ uixp . co . ug > Subject : Re : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP > > Well , certainly a very noble idea from a technical point of view , but > practically I don ' t see this working . Building a skill base of > engineers and gaining expertise is certainly in any good and > professionally run company ' s very own interest and training will be > provided to their technical staff . > > This is simply necessary in our industry because the most advanced > technology applied will give the respective company the competitive > edge in the market . And this is directly proportional to the company ' s > business success due to client appreciation of superior QoS standards > and delivery . Of course paired with marketing and sales efforts . > > Let ' s be realistic : How do you address the issue of conflict of > interest ? By nature of their work and involvement the 3 proposed > rotating staff members would need to have a considerable if not > in - depth knowledge of all the member ISP s network concepts and > architecture . This includes company proprietary software at least to > some extend plus even future planned upgrades and introduction of new > services . Introduced for the very reason : to provide better performing > and more advanced services to their clients and to the industry and > market as a whole - and gain market shares ! In a fair competition and > respecting proper business ethics . And this very competition is the > driving force of any market improvement and clients and the industry > are the very beneficiaries of this . > > Don ' t get me wrong : As a techie I am , this suggestion is certainly a > noble vision and I could support this within a University or Institute > environment or even between large industry participants who put high > level specialists together in a scientific research joint - venture for > reasons of cost and resource sharing . But all this are laboratory > setups with fundamental scientific research tasks still far away from > practical applications and never close to near - to - market - delivery > solutions which are already in the hands of the marketing managers > keenly watching market tendencies and deciding on tactical release > dates . > > The IXP is certainly a very useful institution but let ' s be honest : It > is in the first place a commercial issue and not an inter - networking > or technology challenge . This very knowledge is the skill base anyway > of the respective member company and a good part of its success in the > market . It is the commercial issue , which makes an IXP desirable > because of the possible cost saving element . Just like an interconnect > arrangement between telecom operators . For the ISP industry in Uganda > this will be a saving on relatively expensive international bandwidth , > which is at this moment still only available through expensive V - Sat > links . Link redundancy could be an additional feature provided that > interconnect capacity requirements are met and a commercial agreement > is in place . > > Therefor the IXP is a commercial issue and a facilitation provision > and it has its operational costs for a professional setup and running . > Depending on the respective local interconnect traffic of a potential > member it is viable or not . Like any other business case . Otherwise > even now any two or more companies could go together and setup private > interconnectivity for cost saving or other resource sharing reasons . > > Also additional data interconnect facilities could be offered by the > IXP for wider industry applications ( WAN and VPN ) or even regional > inter - networking could be proposed ( if telecom operators are part of > this ) with ultimately load balancing , resource sharing or link > redundancy features and benefits ( i . e . Euroring ) . But this is > certainly a different scale and would require a complete different > setup and approach in terms of inter - networking architecture and > commercial requirements . > > In my view , the IXP has to be an independent and neutral commercial > entity , a service provider with an offer to the market to provide and > manage interconnect facilities and value added services with standard > connectivity interfaces and scaled link capacities . > > Hans U . Haerdtle > General Manager > Infocom > > > At 09 : 04 PM 2 / 1 / 02 + 0200 , Badru Ntege wrote : > > > Members please find below a suggested method of running the IXP . This > would help us build a good skill base of engineers and also enable > professional networking between engineers from different companies and > network providers . > > > There will be Three People detailed to work at the UIXP . > > 1 . Project Leader > 2 . Team member > 3 . Team Member . > > The Project leader will overall be responsible for the running of the > UIXP . Ensuring that the UIXP is up and running at all times and will > be the team leader . He will also be responsible for future planning at > the IXP , preparing progress reports , billing of members , and > attracting new members to using the IXP and enforcing the UIXP > Acceptable Use Policy . He shall be employed on a 6 months - 1 year > basis at which point his contract can either be renewed or some other > member takes up the role . > > The team members will be technical people from the participating > entities who will rotate on a 3 month basis . These team members will > still be full time employees at their repective places of work and > will be doing part time work at the IXP . The IXP will pay them a small > fee on top of what they get form their parent companies for the period > that they work at the IXP . The team leader will also be an employee of > one of the ISPs doing part time at his place of work . > > Thus at the end of three months , the two technical people go back to > their respective places of work and another team of two from some > other members take up work for the next three months . At the end of 1 > year , the current team leader would either move back to his place of > work , or his contract could be renewed for another 1 year period . > > IN case of the former , then one of the other technical people probably > one who interned with the old team leader can take over as the next > team leader . The outgoing team leader is free and encouraged to apply > to do a three month stint as just a team member if he so desires under > the new team leader provided of course that his parent company is > willing to release him further . > > It is assumed that all these people remain on payroll at their parent > companies and will work at the UIXP as part time people . it is > estimated that to maintain 10 hours working time from say 8 . 00 a . m . to > 6 . 00 p . m . 7 days a week this would come down to 23 hours per person > per week . On any one day of the week , one of the team is on call and > can be called at any time in case of a failure at the UIXP . > > Emoluments for the team will be as follows : > > Team leader : Ush . 480 , 000 / = > Team member 1 : Ush . 190 , 000 / = > Team member 2 : Ush . 190 , 000 / = > > This on top of what their parent companies decide to pay them per > month . It is up to the parent companies to decide whether they will > adjust their employee ' s salaries during this period or not . > > This is done with a vision of creating a skilled and knowledgeable > work force so as to enhance the industry . We believe the knowledge > gained would be useful to the participants back in their parent > companies . > > > > Badru Ntege > General Manager > Technical Director > Sanyutel Ltd > mob : + 256 777 000 88 > Tel : + 256 41 345 466 > ================================= > A network of People and Technology > ================================== > ( Innovation and differentiation are the output of a creative , > empowered workforce ) > > > -- > This is the UiXP techies list . > The list archives can be found at http : // uixp . co . ug / archives . > -- This is UiXP Taskforce mailing list . Archives are available at : www . uixp . co . ug / taskforce Follow - Ups : RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP From : Randy Bush < randy @ psg . com > References : RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP From : " Barbara du Plessis " < duplesb @ mtn . co . ug > Prev by Date : RE : FW : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP Next by Date : RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP Prev by thread : RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP Next by thread : RE : Proposed Management Team for the UIXP

Our policies will focus on the core pillars of development : The current political pluralism in Uganda has , in effect , given freedom to other political groups to go and politically organize on their own ; thus allowing the Movement to consolidate and , therefore strengthen its management position . Good Governance NRM shall ensure that the country is not plunged back into chaos under the multiparty system and continue providing a good environment to attract investors and promote private sector growth . Economic management NRM shall continue to ensure macro economic stability , and it shall target attaining high economic growth rates under the strategy of private sector - led , export - oriented growth with emphasis on value addition to exports to increase the earnings and create jobs for youth . NRM will support and promote applied market - oriented research geared towards adding value to Uganda ’ s products . Education NRM shall ensure the effective implementation of compulsory UPE , the vocationalisation of education at all levels , and the continued education of the girl - child as well as the marginalized groups . NRM shall introduce Universal Secondary Education , and continue promoting university education . NRM shall also ensure that Uganda becomes the educational hub of the region by ensuring high quality education and encouraging more private investment in the education sector . Health NRM shall continue to intensify the immunization programme to attain 100 % coverage . The fight against malaria shall continue with short - term measures such as the provision of mosquito nets and the spraying methods until malaria is eradicated . NRM shall continue to consolidate the gains in bringing health services nearer to the population and also introduce health insurance . Agriculture NRM Government shall ensure the production of high quality and quantities of agricultural produce with a focus on value addition with the view of capturing the lucrative external markets . Infrastructure NRM shall continue to build the infrastructure such as roads , schools and hospitals , and shall attract more investment by the private sector in these areas . NRM shall expand the Energy and Mining , Communications and the Water sectors . Furthermore , NRM shall pursue the promotion of ICTs to increase the competitiveness in the globalized economy . Development Finance NRM Government shall capitalize the Uganda Development Bank with a view of pursuing long - term borrowing especially in the processing of raw materials and the Housing Finance Company for mortgage financing to the housing sector . NRM shall further encourage the private sector to invest in mortgage financing . Similarly , NRM Government shall avail micro finance with low interest rates to organized groups , organizations and Savings and Credit cooperatives . Tourism As the country continues to promote the tourism industry by giving incentives such as tax holidays and tax exemptions on hotel inputs , NRM Government shall , in addition , set up a special fund for those who wish to invest in the tourism and hospitality business . Defence and Security NRM shall continue to professionalize and modernize the army and the police for the security and defence of the country in line with the tenets of the East African Federation . Working closely with both and the Sudan government and the SPLM / A , NRM Government will continue to pursue the remnants of LRA until there is total peace in northern Uganda as the government resettles people in IDP camps back into their homes . Environment NRM shall continue to implement a strategy of aforestation and reforestation by involving all the local administration , and formulate a policy that will ensure that school children become active participants in tree planting and other environmental issues . NRM shall promote the use of brickets as an alternative use to charcoal and wood fuel , with a purpose of slowing down the destruction of our forests . Integration The NRM Government shall continue all efforts at Regional cooperation and integration in pursuance of bigger market , collective voice and therefore greater bargaining power ; effective use of shared resources and infrastructure , as well as collective defense strategy . NRM shall continue to be at the forefront in the promotion of regional groups like EAC , COMESA , IGAD , etc , while maintaining Uganda ’ s commitment to the observance of human rights and freedom of all the African people . In particular , we shall work for the East African Federation around the Amosi Wako Report . Monitoring and Evaluation NRM shall strengthen monitoring and evaluation of all projects and programmes and all other manifesto aspects to ensure their effective implementation . See NRM Manifesto 2006 Our Vision - Way forward Environment We shall continue to implement a strategy of afforestation and reforestation by involving all the local administration , and formulate a policy that will ensure that school children become active participants in tree planting and other environmental issues . We shall promote the use of brickets as an alternative use to charcoal and wood fuel , with a purpose of slowing down the destruction of our forests . Development Finance We shall capitalize the Uganda Development Bank with a view of pursuing long - term borrowing especially in the processing of raw materials and the Housing Finance Company for mortgage financing to the housing sector . We shall further encourage the private sector to invest in mortgage financing . Similarly , we shall avail micro finance with low interest rates to organized groups , organizations and Savings and Credit cooperatives . Integration The NRM Government shall continue all efforts at Regional cooperation and integration in pursuance of bigger market , collective voice and therefore greater bargaining power ; effective use of shared resources and infrastructure , as well as collective defense strategy . We shall continue to be at the forefront in the promotion of regional groups like EAC , COMESA , NEPAD , etc , while maintaining Uganda ’ s commitment to the observance of human rights and freedom of all the African people . Economic management We shall continue to ensure macro economic stability , and we shall target attaining high economic growth rates under the strategy of private sector - led , export - oriented growth with emphasis on value addition to our exports to increase our earnings and create jobs for our youth . We will support and promote applied market - oriented research geared towards adding value to our products .

Nothing makes opposition worthy of people ’ s votes 2005 - 02 - 03 TWENTY days to the polls for the general elections on February 23 and all opposition political cards and false hopes are falling in heaps . In the time left , and with the NRM noose around their collective necks , there is so much pressure the opposition will find it difficult to regain any credible initiative . Their first collective wish had been that the Government , security agencies or some NRM officials and activists behave in draconian ways so the opposition could cry foul and pull out of elections citing repression , harassments , intimidation and “ un - level playing field ” . As the campaigns enter the final critical bend , government officials , agencies and NRM activists ought to remain cordial but vigilant to deny the opposition any excuse to cry foul , and when defeated , they will go back home to wash dishes without public notice . Already out of 959 sub - county chairpersons ( LC3 ) , the NRM has 132 elected un - opposed , while the combined opposition has below 500 . For MP candidates the often noisy FDC and DP have 170 and 66 respectively , and UPC , still living in a nostalgic past , has less than 50 countrywide . Information from Lubaga North constituency indicates that voters are shunning the ever quarrelsome Olive Beti Kamya Turwomwe as they did five years ago when she came fifth in a pack of six candidates . But knowing opposition behaviour , they are certainly bound to contrive new deceits and fake election malpractices , as Augustine Ruzindana is already doing in Ruhama by claiming that UPDF soldiers are beating up people , but without mentioning any case before the Police . Then having realised that individually they could not give any serious and meaningful challenge to the NRM , they hyped for an election coalition , which too has fallen flat and now they are fighting separately , and desperately . So far , their foreign backers , particularly western diplomatic missions here who have been barking on their behalf , are also getting convinced that neither are opposition groups strong nor offering viable development policies to be electable on February 23 , 2006 ! Opposition groups and intellectual critics have invested a lot of energy , especially through the media , injecting hatred , disgust , bias , political , ideological and even legal half - truths to discredit the NRM , President Yoweri Museveni and the coming elections , but are not succeeding . And having failed in all the sinister schemes , they are now running desperately , scared of the false shadows they have constructed for some years now . Everybody will remember how Besigye bragged in 2001 that he had 90 % support within the UPDF , but today he claims a military parade is meant to scare him . But again , Besigye could have been right to have false hopes since Col . Samson Mande and Lt . Col . Anthony Kyakabale openly supported him while Maj . Gen . Mugisha Muntu , Maj . Amanya Mushega and honorary brigadier Eriya Kategaya silently encouraged his belligerence and defiance then . Dr Joe Oloka Onyango of Makerere University Law School , one of the opposition intellectual pillars , has now descended too low as to promise to eat his shoes if Museveni loses the coming elections . Oloka argued that Museveni has to win because the process is already rigged , otherwise he cannot win a free and fair contest . All we can say is as American author Henry David Thoreau warned in 1849 , “ The lawyer ’ s truth is not truth , but consistency or a consistent expediency . ” Besigye , the FDC presidential candidate and Oloka ’ s political idol , has stated over and over that he has already won the election , but asked his supporters not to “ leave ” the polling stations until the last vote has been counted , fearing that his votes could be “ stolen ” . This week Besigye turned up to state that this time round , “ vote theft ” by Government will be difficult because the people who “ stole ” his votes in 2001 have now crossed to FDC and will pass over the tricks they used then . Besigye ’ s confession is as good as it is useless , because there was never any official sanctioned election cheating by Museveni and the frauds who have crossed to FDC will certainly not put their fraud skills to any effective use because we are all watching . Their pre - occupation to obstruct Museveni has not been helpful to them because they failed to convince the electorate in good time . The ones who ridiculed people - power during the referendum are now hoping to convince them that they are for them . However , in Men of Good Hope ( 1951 ) , author Daniel Aaron quoted rights activist Theodore Parker warning , “ If powerful men will not write justice with black ink , on white paper , ignorant and violent men will write it on the soil , in letters of blood and illuminate their rude legislation with burning castles , palaces and towns . ” That time for the so much ridiculed peasantry who could not express themselves on constitutional matters has come for them to elect a president , MPs , and LCs and those who thought they could sidestep them are criss - crossing the country hunting for votes . NRM is in this election well knowing the remaining challenges of social transformation , like banishing peasantry production modes and creation of market awareness in order to enter and benefit from the global economy . NRM ’ s record of achievements makes it the more viable option on Election Day . By Ofwono Opondo Source : New Vision ; 03 . 02 . 06 Our Vision - Way forward Environment We shall continue to implement a strategy of afforestation and reforestation by involving all the local administration , and formulate a policy that will ensure that school children become active participants in tree planting and other environmental issues . We shall promote the use of brickets as an alternative use to charcoal and wood fuel , with a purpose of slowing down the destruction of our forests . Development Finance We shall capitalize the Uganda Development Bank with a view of pursuing long - term borrowing especially in the processing of raw materials and the Housing Finance Company for mortgage financing to the housing sector . We shall further encourage the private sector to invest in mortgage financing . Similarly , we shall avail micro finance with low interest rates to organized groups , organizations and Savings and Credit cooperatives . Integration The NRM Government shall continue all efforts at Regional cooperation and integration in pursuance of bigger market , collective voice and therefore greater bargaining power ; effective use of shared resources and infrastructure , as well as collective defense strategy . We shall continue to be at the forefront in the promotion of regional groups like EAC , COMESA , NEPAD , etc , while maintaining Uganda ’ s commitment to the observance of human rights and freedom of all the African people . Economic management We shall continue to ensure macro economic stability , and we shall target attaining high economic growth rates under the strategy of private sector - led , export - oriented growth with emphasis on value addition to our exports to increase our earnings and create jobs for our youth . We will support and promote applied market - oriented research geared towards adding value to our products .

Museveni sworn in 2006 - 05 - 13 Chairman Yoweri Museveni was sworn in yesterday as Ugandan President , with a promise to end the endemic corruption and electricity outages which he partly blamed for the country ’ s failure to meet this year ’ s projected growth rate . Chairman was speaking after he was sworn into office for the next five years , at the inauguration ceremony held at Kololo Independence grounds . He appealed to the UN , Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan to help in the capture of Joseph Kony , the elusive leader of the Lords Resistance Army rebels . The occasion was witnessed by Presidents Paul Kagame of Rwanda , Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe , Abdullahi Yusuf of Somalia , Ismail Omar Guelleh of Djibouti , Muhamed Abdelaziz of the Saharawi Republic , Mwai Kibaki of Kenya , Jakaya Kikwete of Tanzania , Thabo Mbeki of South Africa , Prime ministers Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia , Nvuba Isindore of Congo Brazzaville and the Sudan ' s vice president , Salva Kiir . Ceremonies were delayed by a heavy morning down pour . Chairman held up the constitution after being sworn in . The First Lady , Janet , stood at Museveni ’ s side as he received the instruments of power which included , the national flag , the Presidential standard flag , national anthem , the coat of arms , the public seal and the Constitution from Chief Justice Benjamin Odoki at 1 . 02p . m amidst cheers from thousands of his supporters . A 21 - gun salute followed prayers led by religious leaders . Mufti , Sheikh Shaban Mubajje in his prayer prayed that Uganda and the new leadership of Museveni should “ turn our backs to evils of corruption , embezzlement of public funds and bribery ” . Chairman pledged to Ugandans that his next government will never commit the same mistakes that have resulted into slowing down development in the country . “ The economic performance and the resultant social changes could have been much better if it was not for four factors : externally orchestrated terrorism in northern Uganda , under spending on defence , corruption and slowness on decision making in the public service and policy - mistakes caused by a combination of political paralysis within the NRM as well s external misguided meddling , ” the President said . He said , a combination of policy mistakes and drought have , in the last one year , caused the decline in the nation ’ s projected rate of growth from 6 . 5 % to 4 . 9 % . “ As soon as the new government is formed , we shall sit down and prioritise expenditure in such a manner that solving the energy crisis is priority , ” the President who dissolved cabinet this week added . He said that , now that the country has opened up to multiparty democracy , the opposition must play a constructive role rather than tearing into pieces the country . “ Political actors need to be the political , economic , social and moral “ doctors ” of a society . In order to be a useful doctor and treat sickness , you must , first and foremost diagnose the sickness , and then , prescribe the correct medicine ” he added . He said , “ Political parties , to be useful in Africa need to expend more effort on analysis “ rather than propaganda and obscurantism ” . Kampala mayor elect , Nasser Ssebaggala , was the only known Museveni ’ s opponent that attended the ceremony . Other leaders apart from the NRM big shots came from the recently registered political groups . The Kabaka of Buganda , Ronald was the other king that did not attend in person but sent the Prime minister , Mr . Dan Mulika . Museveni thanked Ugandans for again putting their trust in him and the NRM . He said instead of trials and tribulations , the NRM has time and again led the country to victory , reconstruction and enviable economic growth . The Chairman said under the NRM leadership , inflation rate has been brought down from 240 % per annum in financial year 1985 / 1986 to an average of 6 . 7 % to date . Rwanda ’ s Kagame attracted the loudest applause after Mugabe when the two Presidents ’ were introduced by the President . Museveni described Mugabe as an elderly statesman , and Kagame as a brother “ from near here ” . Much as Museveni and Kagame have not been on good talking terms in recent months , the two leaders shook hands at least twice at Kololo . Source : Daily Monitor Chairman joins MPs at end of retreat 11 . 05 . 06 Chairman Museveni has emphasized the importance of study retreats describing them as fora for the exchange of ideas and also expose participants to new knowledge and conviction . The Chairman was last evening speaking at the conclusion of the 3 day retreat for the newly elected NRM MPs for the 8th parliament at Speke Resort Munyonyo . Chairman who is to be sworn - in and inaugurated tomorrow , Friday 12th May 2006 , at a grand ceremony in Kololo encouraged MPs to continue the practice of study . He noted that the major problem in Africa was lack of enthusiasm by the people to acquire knowledge . “ Much of the problem in Africa is that people don ’ t study , they just hope that they will be infected by knowledge . That is why things are not moving in the continent , ” Mr . Museveni observed . The Chairman told legislators that similar bi - weekly study programmes would be organised for MPs in order to enhance their knowledge . “ The study groups will be facilitated by guest speakers on various subjects to enable you become an effective and durable political force , ” he said . Among those present included among others the Vice President , Prof . Gilbert Bukenya and the Vice Chairman of NRM Al Hajji Moses Kigongo . Our Vision - Way forward Environment We shall continue to implement a strategy of afforestation and reforestation by involving all the local administration , and formulate a policy that will ensure that school children become active participants in tree planting and other environmental issues . We shall promote the use of brickets as an alternative use to charcoal and wood fuel , with a purpose of slowing down the destruction of our forests . Development Finance We shall capitalize the Uganda Development Bank with a view of pursuing long - term borrowing especially in the processing of raw materials and the Housing Finance Company for mortgage financing to the housing sector . We shall further encourage the private sector to invest in mortgage financing . Similarly , we shall avail micro finance with low interest rates to organized groups , organizations and Savings and Credit cooperatives . Integration The NRM Government shall continue all efforts at Regional cooperation and integration in pursuance of bigger market , collective voice and therefore greater bargaining power ; effective use of shared resources and infrastructure , as well as collective defense strategy . We shall continue to be at the forefront in the promotion of regional groups like EAC , COMESA , NEPAD , etc , while maintaining Uganda ’ s commitment to the observance of human rights and freedom of all the African people . Economic management We shall continue to ensure macro economic stability , and we shall target attaining high economic growth rates under the strategy of private sector - led , export - oriented growth with emphasis on value addition to our exports to increase our earnings and create jobs for our youth . We will support and promote applied market - oriented research geared towards adding value to our products .

Vandals attack Monitor ‘ Black Mamba ’ billboard Monday 08 May , 2006 IN yet another act of high - handedness against Monitor Publications Ltd , its ‘ black mamba ’ billboard has been vandalised after a standoff with police . The billboard , which was located near Kabira Country Club in Bukoto , was defaced on Saturday night . The so - called “ Black Mamba Urban Unit Squad ” , a paramilitary unit besieged the High Court on November 14 last year . They blocked the entrance to the court chambers in a bid to rearrest 22 men on trial for treason together with leading opposition figure , Kizza Besigye of the Forum for Democratic Change . The accused , who court had granted bail , opted to return to prison . Justice James Ogoola , who was handling the case , subsequently described the raid as a “ naked rape ” of the court and ordered all military forces off the court premises . But the Black Mamba , who had donned black T - shirts and scrappy bandanas during the raid , returned to court masquarading in police uniform . Daily Monitor exposed them in a major scoop . “ We have been under pressure from the Police Force to remove our black mamba billboards , ” Daily Monitor ’ s Managing Director , Conrad Nkutu , said yesterday . He said the police was concerned about billboard on Jinja Road near the Wampewo Avenue Roundabout . Nkutu said the Principal Assistant Town Clerk , Mr Stephen Higobero , contacted him saying he had a directive from above to remove the billboard with immediate effect . Nkutu said he contacted the Inspector General of Police , Maj . Gen . Kale Kayihura who said the advert was “ maligning the name of the police ” . Subsequently , the Regional Police Commander , Mr Grace Turyagumanawe , and Higobero met Daily Monitor ’ s Brand Manager , Ms Jennifer Ichumar , and the Legal and Administration Manager , Ms Anne Abeja . “ I told them that no law had been broken and said while it may be embarrassing , it is the Police , which allowed the black mamba to wear their uniform , ” Nkutu said . Nkutu said the invasion of the High Court became a matter of public interest because of the controversy . “ From the response we got , the public appreciated the photo journalism on the issue of the siege of the High Court by the Black Mamba , ” he said . He said the billboard , which was supposed to be in place for six months before it could be replaced , had only lasted a month . He said though he cannot point a finger at the culprits for now , “ the Daily Monitor as an independent media organisation will not take directives that lack a basis from the police ” . “ We support the police role of maintaining law and order but the police should also abide by the law , ” he said . Source : Daily Monitor . MPs debate animal movement cruelty Sunday 7th May , 2006 Parliament on Thursday started debate on the Animal Diseases amendment Bill 2005 , which seeks to increase penalty on cruel transportation of animals . The State minister for animal husbandry , Mary Mugyenyi , said the Bill seeks to amend the Animal Diseases Act , cap . 38 so as to increase the penalty prescribed for commission of an offence under the act . The Bill also seeks to control cross - border spread of diseases . The committee , chaired by John Odit , observed that the Act prevents the cruel transportation of animals and provides a penalty of sh 1 , 000 , which is too unrealistic under the existing economic state . The Bill seeks to provide for a penalty not exceeding 100 - currency points ( sh20m ) or imprisonment of not more than two years or both , for any offender . Source : New Vision : Police arrest forex bureau suspects THE Police have arrested four suspects over the daring daylight robbery of more than sh90m from Crane Forex Bureau at Plot 20 , Kampala Road on Saturday afternoon . The proprietor , Sudhir Ruparelia , said , “ More than sh90m was robbed in an ambush when the guards were disarmed and my staff put at gun point . ” Police spokesperson Patrick Onyango said , “ We are holding two guards from the forex bureau . They are identified as Paul Egou and Ronald Onyango . We shall not tell you the name of the company they work for . ” The Police said they had also arrested two bodaboda cyclists , Deo Mukiya who rides UDC 530E and Godfrey Mugisha of UDA 210H . “ We have found out that after the robbery , the robbers walked to Speke Hotel , where they picked bodaboda bikes from , ” Onyango said . Crane Bank managing director A . R . Kalan said , “ It happened at 2 : 00pm . Four men armed with three SMGs sneaked into the forex bureau posing as customers . They were dressed in jeans and t - shirts . They disarmed the guards , jumped over the counter and ordered , in clear English , for the safe to be opened . ” He added , “ During the robbery , there were two guards . The one who was missing said he had gone to a forex bureau next door . The robbers moved very fast . They did not close the forex bureau doors during their operation . They were bold , ” he said . “ They removed all the cash from the safe and packed it into the bags they had come with . They locked up five staff in the toilet after the robbery and left quietly . None of our neighbours knew what was going on , ” Kalan recalled . He said the last robbery at Crane Forex Bureau took place four years ago and that sh70m was stolen . “ There was an attempted robbery about two years ago but it flopped because when the robber tried to jump to the counter , he slipped , fell , was disarmed and arrested , ” Kalan recalled . A visit by The New Vision to the scene of crime yesterday revealed beefed up security by Saracen . Guards at Amber House , the Post Office and adjacent buildings denied knowledge of the robbery . Source : New Vision , 10th April , 2006

( See Native Agreement and Buganda Native Laws , Laws of the Uganda Protectorate , Revised Edition 1935 Vol . VI , pp . 1373 -- 1384 ; Laws of Uganda 1951 Revised Edition , Vol . VI , pp . 12 - 26 ) We , the undersigned , to wit , Sir Henry Hamilton Johnston , K . C . B . , Her Majesty ' s Special Commissioner , Commander - in - Chief and Consul - General for the Uganda Protectorate and the adjoining Territories , on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland , Empress of lndia , on the one part ; and the under mentioned Regents and Chiefs of the Kingdom of Uganda on behalf of the Kabaka ( King ) of Uganda , and the chiefs and people of Uganda , on the other part : do hereby agree to the following Articles relative to the government and administration of the Kingdom of Uganda . 1 . The boundaries of the Kingdom of Uganda shall be the following : starting from the left bank of the Victoria Nile at the Ripon Falls , the boundary shall follow the left bank of the Victoria Nile into Lake Kioga , and then shall be continued along the centre of Lake Kioga , and again along the Victoria Nile as far as the confluence of the River Kafu , opposite the town of Mruli . From this point the boundary shall he carried along the right or eastern bank of the River Kafu , up stream , as far as the junction of the Kafu and Embaia . From this point the boundary shall be carried in a straight line to the River Nkusi , and shall follow the left bank of the River Nkusi down stream to its entrance into the Albert Nyanza . The boundary shall then be carried along the coast of the Albert Nyanza in a south - western direction as far as the mouth of the River Kuzizi , and then shall be carried up stream along the right bank of the River Kuzizi and near its source . From a point near the source of the Kuzizi and near the village of Kirola ( such point to be finally determined by Her Majesty ' s Commissioner at the time of the definite survey of Uganda ) the boundary shall be carried in a south - western direction until it reaches the River Nabutari , the left bank of which it will follow down stream to its confluence with the River Katonga ; The boundary shall be carried in a southwestern direction until it reaches the River Nabutari , the left bank of which it will follow down stream to its confluence with the River Katonga ; The boundary shall then be carried up stream along the left confluence of the Chungaga , after which , crossing the Katonga , the boundary shall be carried along the right bank of the said Chungaga river , up stream to its source ; and from its source the boundary shall be drawn in a south - eastern direction to the point where the Byoloba River enters Lake Kachira ; and shall then be continued along the centre of Lake Kachira to its south - eastern extremity , where the River Bukova leaves the lake , from which point the boundary shall be carried in a south - eastern direction to the Anglo - German frontier . The boundary shall then follow the Anglo - German frontier to the coast of the Victoria Nyanza and then shall be drawn across the waters of the Victoria Nyanza in such a manner as to include within the limits of the Kingdom of Uganda the Sese Archipelago ( including Kosi and Mazinga ) , Ugaya , Lufu , Igwe , Buvuma , and Lingira Islands . The boundary , after including Lingira Islands , shall be carried through Napoleon Gulf until it reaches the starting point of its definition at Bugungu at the Ripon Falls on the Victoria Nile . To avoid any misconception it is intended by this definition to include within the boundaries of Uganda all the islands lying off the north - west coast of the Victoria Nyanza in addition to those specially mentioned . 2 . The Kabaka and Chiefs of Uganda hereby agree henceforth to renounce in favour of Her Majesty the Queen any claims to tribute they may have had on the adjoining provinces of the Uganda Protectorate . 3 . The Kingdom of Uganda in the administration of the Uganda Protectorate shall rank as a province of equal rank with any other provinces into which the protectorate may be divided . 4 . The revenue of the Kingdom of Uganda , collected by the Uganda Administration , will be merged in the general revenue of the Uganda Protectorate , as with that of the other provinces of this Protectorate . 5 . The laws made for the general governance of the Uganda Protectorate by Her Majesty ' s Government will be equally applicable to the Kingdom of Uganda , except in so far as they may in any particular conflict with the terms of this agreement , in which case the terms of this Agreement will constitute a special exception in regard to the Kingdom of Uganda . 6 . So long as the Kabaka , chiefs , and people of Uganda shall conform to the laws and regulations instituted for their governance by Her Majesty ' s Government , and shall co - operate loyally with Her Majesty ' s Government in the organisation and administration of the said Kingdom of Uganda , Her Majesty ' s Government agrees to recognise the Kabaka of Uganda as the native ruler of the province of Uganda under Her Majesty ' s protection and over - rule . The King of Uganda shall henceforth be styled His Highness the Kabaka of Uganda . On the death of a Kabaka , his successor shall be elected by a majority of votes in the Lukiko , or native council . The range of selection , however , must be limited to the Royal Family of Uganda , that is to say , to the descendants of King Mutesa . The name of the person chosen by the native council must be submitted to Her Majesty ' s Government for approval , and no person shall be recognised as Kabaka of Uganda whose election has not received the approval of Her Majesty ' s Government . The Kabaka of Uganda shall exercise direct rule over the natives of Uganda , to who he shall administer justice through the Lukiko , or native council , and through others of his officers in the manner approved by Her Majesty ' s Government . The jurisdiction of the native Court of the Kabaka of Uganda , however , shall not extend to any person not a native of the Uganda province . The Kabaka ' s Courts shall be entitled to try natives for capital crimes , but no death sentence may be carried out by the Kabaka , or his Courts , without the sanction of Her Majesty ' s representative in Uganda . Moreover there will be a right of appeal from the native Courts to the principal Court of Justice established by Her Majesty in the Kingdom of Uganda as regards all sentences which inflict a term of more than five years ' imprisonment or a fine of over £ 100 . In the case of any other sentences imposed by the Kabaka ' s Courts , which may seem to Her Majesty ' s Government disproportioned or inconsistent with humane principles , Her Majesty ' s representative in Uganda shall have the right of remonstrance with the Kabaka , who shall , at the request of the said representative , subject such sentence to reconsideration . The Kabaka of Uganda shall be guaranteed by Her Majesty ' s Government from out of the local revenue of the Uganda Protectorate a minimum yearly allowance of £ 1 , 500 a year . During the present Kabaka ' s minority , however , in lieu of the above - mentioned subvention , there will be paid to the master of his household , to meet his household expenditure , £ 650 a year , and during his minority the three persons appointed to act as Regents will receive an annual salary of £ 400 a year . Kabakas of Uganda will be understood to have attained their majority when they have reached the age of I8 years . The Kabaka of Uganda shall be entitled to a salute of nine guns on ceremonial occasions when such salutes are customary . 7 . The Namasole , or mother of the present Kabaka ( Chua ) , shall be paid during her lifetime an allowance at that rate of £ 50 a year . This allowance shall not necessarily be continued to the mothers of other Kabakas . 8 . All cases , civil or criminal , of a mixed nature , where natives of the Uganda province and non - natives of that province are concerned , shall be subject to British Courts of Justice only . 9 . For purposes of native administration the Kingdom of Uganda shall be divided into the following districts or administrative counties : ( 1 ) Kiagwe ( 11 ) Butambala ( Bweya ) ( 2 ) Bugerere ( 12 ) Kiadondo ( 3 ) Bulemezi ( 13 ) Busiro ( 4 ) Buruli ( 14 ) Mawokota ( 5 ) Bugangadzi ( 15 ) Buvuma ( 6 ) Bwekula ( 16 ) Sese ( 7 ) Singo ( 17 ) Buddu ( 8 ) Busuju ( 18 ) Koki ( 9 ) Gomba ( Butunzi ) . ( 19 ) Mawogola ( 10 ) Buyaga ( 20 ) Kabula At the head of each county shall be placed a chief who shall be selected by the Kabaka ' s Government , but whose name shall be submitted for approval to Her Majesty ' s representative . This chief , when approved by Her Majesty ' s representative , shall be guaranteed from out of the revenue of Uganda a salary at the rate of £ 200 a year . To the chief of a county will be entrusted by Her Majesty ' s Government , and by the Kabaka , the task of administering justice amongst the natives dwelling in his county , the assessment and collection of taxes , the up - keep of the main road , and the general supervision of native affairs . On all questions but the assessment and collection of taxes the chief of the county will report direct to the King ' s native Ministers , from whom he will receive his instructions . When arrangements have been made by Her Majesty ' s Government for the organization of a police force in the province of Uganda , a certain number of police will be placed at the disposal of each chief of a county to assist him in maintaining order . For the assessment and payment of taxes , the chief of a county shall be immediately responsible to Her Majesty ' s representative , and should he fail in his duties in this respect , Her Majesty ' s representative shall have the right to call upon the Kabaka to dismiss him from his duties and to appoint another chief in his stead . In each county an estate , not exceeding an area of 8 square miles , shall be attributed to the chieftainship of a county , and its usufruct shall be enjoyed by the person occupying , for the time being , the position of chief of the county . 10 . To assist the Kabaka of Uganda in the Government of his people he shall be allowed to appoint three native officers of state , with the sanction and approval of Her Majesty ' s representative in Uganda ( without whose sanction such appointments shall not be valid ) - A Prime Minister , otherwise known as Katikiro ; a Chief Justice ; and a Treasurer or Controller of the Kabaka ' s revenues . These officials shall he paid at the rate of £ 300 a year . Their salaries shall be guaranteed them by Her Majesty ' s Government from out of the funds of the Uganda Protectorate . During the minority of the Kabaka these three officials shall be constituted the Regents , and when acting in that capacity shall receive salary at the rate of £ 400 a year . Her Majesty ' s chief representative in Uganda shall at any time have direct access to the Kabaka and shall have the powers of discussing matters affecting Uganda with the Kabaka alone or , during his minority , with the Regents ; but ordinarily the three officials above designated will transact most of the Kabaka ' business with the Uganda Administration . The Katikiro shall be ex - officio the President of the Lukiko , or native council ; the Vice - President of the Lukiko shall be the native Minister of justice for the time being ; in the absence of both Prime Minister and Minister of Justice , the Treasurer of the Kabaka ' s revenues , or third minister , shall preside over the meetings of the Lukiko . 11 . The Lukiko , or native council , shall be constituted as follows : In addition to the three native ministers who shall be ex - officio senior members of the council , each chief of a county ( twenty in all ) shall be ex - officio a member of the Council . Also each chief of a county shall be permitted to appoint a person to act as his lieutenant in this respect to attend the meetings of the council during his absence , and to speak and vote in his name . The chief of a county , however , and his lieutenant may not both appear simultaneously at the council . In addition the Kabaka shall select from each county three notables , whom he shall appoint during his pleasure to be members of the Lukiko or native council - The Kabaka may also , in addition to the foregoing , appoint six other persons of importance in the country to be members of the native council . The Kabaka may at any time deprive any individual of the right to sit on the native council but in such a case shall intimate his intention to Her Majesty ' s representative in Uganda , and receive his assent thereto before dismissing the member . The functions of the council will be to discuss all matters concerning the native administration of Uganda , and to forward to the Kabaka resolutions which may be voted by a majority regarding measures to be adopted by the said administration . The Kabaka shall further consult with Her Majesty ' s representative in Uganda before giving effect to any such resolutions voted by the native council , and shall , in this matter , explicitly follow the advice of Her Majesty ' s representative . The Lukiko , or a committee thereof , shall be a Court of Appeal from the decisions of the Courts of First instances held by the chiefs of counties . In all cases affecting property exceeding the value of £ 5 , or imprisonment exceeding one week , an appeal for revision may be addressed to the Lukiko . In all cases involving property or claims exceeding £ 100 in value , or sentences of death , the Lukiko shall refer the matter to the consideration of the Kabaka , whose decision when countersigned by Her Majesty ' s chief representative in Uganda shall be final . The Lukiko shall not decide any questions affecting the persons or property of Europeans or others who are not natives of Uganda . No person may be elected to the Lukiko who is not a native of the Kingdom of Uganda . No question of religious opinion shall be taken into consideration in regard to the appointment by the Kabaka of members of the council . In this matter he shall use his judgment and abide by the advice of Her Majesty ' s representation of assuring in this manner a fair proportionate representation of all recognised expressions of religious beliefs prevailing in Uganda . 12 . In order to contribute to a reasonable extent towards the general cost of the maintenance of the Uganda Protectorate , there shall be established the following taxation for Imperial purposes , that is to say , the proceeds of the collection of these taxes shall be handed over intact to Her Majesty ' s representative in Uganda as the contribution of the Uganda province towards the general revenue of the Protectorate . The taxes agreed upon at present shall be the following : - A hut tax of three rupees , or 4s per annum on any house , hut , or habitation , used as a dwelling - place . A gun tax of three rupees , or 4s per annum , to be paid by any person who possesses or uses a gun , rifle , or pistol . The Kingdom of Uganda shall be subject to the same Customs Regulations , Porter Regulations , and so forth , which may , with the approval of Her Majesty , be instituted for the Uganda Protectorate generally , which may be described in a sense as exterior taxation , but no further interior taxation , other than the hut tax , shall be imposed on the natives of the province of Uganda without the agreement of the Kabaka , who in this matter shall be guided by the majority of votes in his native council . This arrangement , however , will not affect the question of township rates , lighting rates , water rates , market dues , and so forth , which may be treated apart as matters affecting municipalities or townships ; nor will it absolve natives from obligations as regards military service , or the up - keep of main roads passing through the lands on which they dwell . A hut tax shall be levied on any building which is used as a dwelling place . A collection of not more than four huts however , which , are in separate and single enclosure and are inhabited only by a man and his wife , or wives , be counted as one hut . The following buildings will be exempted from the hut tax : temporary shelters erected in fields for the purpose of watching plantations ; or rest houses in the fields for the purpose of watching plantations ; or rest houses erected by the roadside for passing travellers ; buildings used solely as tombs , churches , mosques . or schools , and not slept in or occupied as a dwelling ; the residence of the Kabaka and his household ( not to exceed Fifty buildings in number ) ; the residence of the Namasole , or Queen Mother ( not to exceed twenty in number ) ; the official residences of the three native ministers , and of all the chiefs of counties ( not to exceed ten buildings in number ) ; but in the case of dispute as to the liability of a building to pay hut tax , the matter must be referred to the Collector for the province of Uganda , whose decision must be final . The Collector of province may also authorise the chief of a county to exempt from taxation any person whose condition of destitution may , in the opinion of the Collector is meant the principal British official representing the Uganda Administration in the province of Uganda . The representative of Her Majesty ' s Government in the Uganda Protectorate may from time to time direct that in the absence of current coin , a hut or gun tax may be paid in produce or in labour according to a scale which shall be laid down by the said representative . As regards the gun tax , it will be held to apply to any person who possesses or makes use of a gun , rifle , pistol , or any weapon discharging a projectile by the aid of gunpowder , dynamite , or compressed air . The possession of any Canon or machine gun is hereby forbidden to any native of Uganda . A native who pays a gun tax may possess or use as many as five guns . For every five or for every additional gun up to five , which he may be allowed to possess or use , he will have to pay another tax . Exemptions from the gun tax will , however , be allowed to the following extent : - The Kabaka will be credited with fifty gun licences free , by which he may arm as many as fifty of his household . The Queen Mother will , in like manner , be granted ten free licences annually , by which she may arm as many as ten persons of her household ; each of the three native ministers ( Katikiro , Native Chief Justice , the Treasurer of the Kabaka ' s revenue ) shall be granted twenty free gun licences annually ; by which they may severally arm twenty persons of their household . Chiefs of counties will be similarly granted ten annual free gun licences ; all other members of the Lukiko or native council not chiefs of counties , three annual gun licences , and all landed proprietors in the country with estates exceeding 500 acres in extent , one free annual gun licence . 13 . Nothing in this Agreement shall be held to invalidate the pre - existing right of the Kabaka of Uganda to call upon every able bodied male among his subjects for military service in defence of the country ; but the Kabaka henceforth will only exercise this right of conscription , or of levying native troops , under the advice of Her Majesty ' s principal representative in the Protectorate . In times of peace , the armed forces , organised by the Uganda Administration will probably be sufficient for all purposes of defence ; but if Her Majesty ' representative is of the opinion that the force of Uganda should be strengthened at the time , he may call upon the Kabaka to exercise in a full or in modified degree his claim on the Baganda people for military service . In such an event the arming and equipping of such force would be undertaken by the administration of the Uganda Protectorate . 14 . All main public roads traversing the Kingdom of Uganda , and all roads , the making of which shall at any time be decreed by the native council with the assent of her Majesty ' s representative shall be maintained in good repair by the chiefs of the saza ( or county ) through which the road runs . The chief of a county shall have the right to call upon each native town , village , or commune , to furnish labourers in the proportion of one to every three huts or houses , to assist in keeping the established roads in repair , provided that no labourers shall be called upon to work on the roads for more than one month in each year . Europeans and all foreigners whose land abut on established main roads will be assessed by the Uganda Administration and required to furnish either labour or to pay labour rate in money as their contribution rewards , the maintenance of the highways . When circumstances permit , the Ugandan Administration may further make grants from out of its Public Works Department for the construction of new roads or any special repairs to existing highways , of an unusual expensive character . 15 . The land of the Kingdom of Uganda shall he dealt with in the following manner : Assuming the area of the Kingdom of Uganda , as comprised within the limits cited in the agreement , to amount to 19 , 600 square miles , it shall be divided in the following proportions : Forests to be brought under control of the Uganda Administration 1500 square miles Waste and uncultivated land to be vested in Her Majesty ' s Government to be controlled by the Uganda Administration 9 , 000 square miles Plantations and other private property of His Highness the Kabaka of Uganda 350 square miles Plantations and other private property of the Namasole 16 square miles ( NOTE : - If the present Kabaka died and another Namasole were appointed , the existing one would be permitted to retain as her personal property 6 square miles , passing on 10 square miles as the endowment of every succeeding Namasole . ) Plantation and other private property of the Namasole , mother of Mwanga 10 square miles To the Princes : Joseph , Augustine , Ramazan , and Yusufu - Suna , 8 square miles each 32 square miles For the Princesses , sisters , and relations of the Kabaka 90 square miles To the Abamasaza ( chiefs of counties ) twenty in all , 8 square miles each ( Private property ) 160 square miles Official estates attached to the posts of the Abamasaza , 8 square miles each 320 square miles The three Regents will receive private property to the extent of 6 square miles each 48 square miles And official property attached to their office , 16 square miles , the said official property to be afterwards attached to the posts of the three native ministers 48 96 Mbogo ( the Muhammedan chief ) will receive for Himself and his adherents 24 square miles Kamuswaga , chief of Koki with receive . 20 square miles One thousand chiefs and private landowners will receive the estates of which they are already in possession , and which are computed at an average of 8 square miles per individual , making a total of 8 , 000 square miles There will be allotted to the three missionary societies in existence in Uganda as private property , and in trust for the native churches , as much as 92 square miles Land taken up by the Government for Government stations prior to the present settlement ( at Kampala , Entebbe , Masaka etc . etc . ) 50 square miles Total 19 , 600 square miles After a careful survey of the Kingdom of Uganda has been made , if the total area should be found to be e less than 19 , 600 then the portion of the country which is to be vested in Her Majesty ' s Government shall be reduced in extent by the deficiency found to exist in the estimated area . Should , however , the area of Uganda be established at more than 19 , 600 square miles , then the surplus shall be dealt with as follows : It shall be divided into two parts , one - half shall be added to the amount of land which is vested in Her Majesty ' s Government and the other half shall be divided proportionately among the properties of the Kabaka , the three Regents or native ministers , and the Abamasaza , or chiefs of counties . The aforesaid 9 , 000 square miles of waste or cultivated , or uncultivated land , or land occupied without prior gitt of the Kabaka or chiefs by bakopi or strangers , are hereby vested in Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland , Empress of lndia , and Protectress of Uganda , on the understanding that the revenue derived from such lands shall form part of the general revenue of the Uganda Protectorate . The forests , which will be reserved for Government control , will be , as a rule , those forests over which no private claim can be raised justifiably , and will be forests of some continuity which should be maintained as woodland in the general interests of the country . As regards the allotment of the 8 , 000 square miles among the 1 , 000 private landowners , this will be a matter to be left to the decision of the Lukiko , with an appeal to the Kabaka . The Lukiko will be empowered to decide as to the validity of claims , the number of claimants and the extent of land granted , premising that the total amount of land thus allotted amongst the chiefs and accorded to native landowners of the Country is not to exceed 8 , 000 square miles . Europeans and non - natives , who have acquired estates , and whose claims thereto have been admitted by the Uganda Administration , will receive title - deeds for such , estates in such manner and with such limitations , as may be formulated by Her Majesty ' s representative . The official estates granted to the Regents , native ministers , or chiefs of counties , are to pass with the office , and their use is only to be enjoyed by the holders of the office . Her Majesty ' s Government , however , reserves to itself the right to carry through or construct roads , railways , canals , telegraphs , or other useful public works , or to build military forts or works of defence on any property , public or private , with the condition that not more than 10 per centum of the property in question shall be taken up for these purposes without compensation , and that compensation shall be given for the disturbance of growing crops or of buildings . 16 . Until Her Majesty ' s Government has seen fit to devise and promulgate forestry regulation , it is not possible in this Agreement to define such forest rights as may be given to the natives of Uganda ; but it is agreed on behalf of Her Majesty ' s Government , that in arranging these forestry regulations , the claims of the Baganda people to obtain timber for building purposes , firewood , and other products of the forests or uncultivated lands , shall be taken into account , and arrangements made by which under due safeguards against abuse these rights may be exercised gratis . 17 . As regards mineral rights . The rights to all minerals found on private estates shall be considered to belong only to the owners of those estates , subject to a 10 per centum ad valorem duty , which will be paid to the Uganda Administration when the minerals are worked . On the land outside private estates , the mineral rights shall belong to the Uganda Administration , which , however , in return for using or disposing of the same must compensate the occupier of the soil for the disturbance of growing crops or building , and will be liable to allot to him from out of the spare lands in the Protectorate an equal area of soil to that from which he has been removed . On these waste and uncultivated lands the Protectorate , the mineral rights shall be vested in Her Majesty ' s Government as represented by the Uganda Administration . In like manner the ownership of the forests , which are not included within the limits of private properties , shall be henceforth vested in Her Majesty ' s Government . 18 . In return for the cession to Her Majesty ' s Government of the right of control over 10 , 550 square miles of waste , cultivated , uncultivated , or forest lands , there shall be paid by Her Majesty ' s Government in trust for the Kabaka ( upon his attaining his majority ) a sum of £ 50O , and to the three Regents collectively , £ 600 , namely , to the Katikiro £ 300 , and the other two Regents £ 150 each . 19 . Her Majesty ' s Government agrees to pay to the Muhammedan Uganda chief , Mbogo , a pension for life of £ 250 a year , on the understanding that all rights which he may claim ( except such as are guaranteed in the foregoing clauses ) are ceded to Her Majesty ' s Government . 20 . Should the Kingdom of Uganda fail to pay to the Uganda Administration during the first two years after the signing of this Agreement , an amount of native taxation , equal to half that which is due in proportion to the number of inhabitants ; or should it at any time fail to pay without just cause or excuse , the aforesaid minimum of taxation due in proportion to the population ; or should the Kabaka , chiefs , or people of Uganda , pursue , at any time , a policy which is distinctly disloyal to the British Protectorate ; Her Majesty ' s Government will no longer consider themselves bound by the terms of this Agreement . On the other hand , should the revenue derived from the hut and gun tax exceed two years running a total value of £ 45 , 000 a year , the Kabaka and chiefs of counties shall have the right to appeal to Her Majesty ' s Government for an increase in the subsidy given to the Kabaka , and the stipends given to the native ministers and chiefs , such increase to be in the same proportional relation as the increase in the revenue derived from the taxation of the natives . 21 . Throughout this Agreement the phrase " Uganda Administration " shall be taken to mean that general Government of the Uganda Protectorate , which is instituted and maintained by Her Majesty ' s Government ; " Her Majesty ' s representative " shall mean the Commissioner , High Commissioner , Governor , or principal official of any designation who is appointed by Her Majesty ' s Government to direct the affairs of Uganda . 22 . In the interpretation of this Agreement the English text shall be the version which is binding on both parties . Done in English and Luganda at Mengo , in the Kingdom of Uganda , on the 10th March 1900 . H . H JOHNSTON , Her Majesty ' s Special Commissioner , Commander in Chief and Consul - General , on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland , Empress of lndia . ( Seal ) APOLLO , Katikiro , Regent . MUGWANYA , Katikiro Regent . MBOGO NOHO , his X mark . ZAKARIA KIZITO , Kangawo . Regent , SEBAUA , Pokino . YAKOBO , Kago . PAULO , Mukwenda . KAMUSWAGA , of Koki , his X mark . ( On behalf of the Kabaka , chief , and people of Uganda ) Witness to the above signatures : F . J . JACKSON , Her Majesty ' s Vice - Consul . J . EVATT , Lieutenant - Colonel . JAMES FRANCIS CUNNINGHAM ALFRED R . TUCKER , Bishop of Uganda . HENRY HANLON , Vicar Apostolic of the Upper Nile , E BRESSON ( for Mgr . Streicher , White Fathers ) . R . H . WALKER . MATAYO , Mujasi . LATUSA , Sekibobo . MATAYO , Kaima . YOKANA , Kitunzi . SANTI SEMINDI , Kasuju . ANDEREA , Kimbugwe SEREME , Mujasi , COPRIEN LUWEKULA . NOVA , Jumba , Gabunga . FERINDI , Kyabalongo SAULO , Lumana . YOKANO BUNJO , Katikiro , of Namasole . YOSEFU , Katambalwa . ZAKAYO , Kivate , HEZIKIYA , Namutwe . ALI , Mwenda , NSELWANO , Muwemba . SEMIONI SEBUTA , Mutengesa . NJOVU YUSUFU Kitambala , his X mark . KATA , Nsege .

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni became President of the Republic of Uganda on January 29 , 1986 after leading a successful five - year liberation struggle . He went to the bush with 26 other young men and organized the National Resistance Movement and National Resistance Army ( NRM / NRA ) to oppose the tyranny that previous regimes had unleashed upon the population . After victory , he formed a broad - based government that helped to unite the country s political groups . P revious to the struggle of 1981 - 1986 , Museveni had been one of the leaders in the anti - Amin resistance of 1971 - 1979 that had led to the fall of that monstrous regime . M useveni , who has been politically active since his student days at Ntare School , Mbarara , in south west Uganda , studied political science at the University of Dar es Salaam , graduating in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Political Science . A fter Idi Amin s coup in 1971 , Museveni was instrumental in forming Fronasa ( the Front for National Salvation ) . Fronasa made up the core of one of the Ugandan fighting groups which , together with the Tanzanian People s Defence Forces , ousted Amin s regime in April 1979 . The NRA was unique in Africa I n the governments that succeeded Amin , Museveni served briefly as Minister of Defence , Minister of Regional Co - operation and Vice - Chairman of the Military Commission . In December 1980 , the country s first general elections in 20 years were held but they were rigged by Milton Obote s Uganda People s Congress Party . During the election campaign , Museveni had warned that if the elections were rigged , he would fight Obote s regime and on February 6 , 1981 , he launched the guerrilla struggle . He went to the bush with only 26 guns and organised the National Resistance Army ( NRA ) to oppose the tyranny that Obote s regime had unleashed upon the population . T he NRA ( now renamed the Uganda People s Defence Forces ) is unique in Africa for being the only guerrilla force to take over power without much external support and without having a rear base in a neighbouring country . Its main camps were based only 20 miles from the capital , Kampala . This demonstrated how the NRA leadership was , in extremely difficult circumstances , capable of achieving sophisticated levels of organisational discipline and techniques for managing both soldiers and civilians . Early political awareness Y oweri Kaguta Museveni was born in 1944 during the Second World War and his name was taken from the Abaseveni , who were Ugandan servicemen in the Seventh Regiment of the King s African Rifles into which many Ugandans had been drafted . H e was born in a peasant pastoralist background in Ankole , western Uganda . As the peasants in his home area were nomads , their children did not go to school and modern ideas about animal husbandry , hygiene and health care did not percolate through to them . I n addition , they were exploited and oppressed by land policies , such as ranching schemes , which displaced them from their traditional lands . Such policies were instituted by the British colonialists and supported by local collaborator chiefs and , later , by neo - colonialist independence politicians . O wing to his background and his early determination to fight against political and social injustices , Museveni decided in 1966 to lead a campaign mobilising the peasants in northern Ankole to fence their land and refuse to vacate it . The campaign was largely successful and his political awareness and activity became more focused during the three years ( 1967 to 1970 ) he spent at the University of Dar es Salaam . His wide reading covered Fanon , Lenin , Marx , Rodney , Mao , as well as liberal Western thinkers like Galbraith . These writers shaped his intellectual and political outlook . C ompared to other universities in the region , Dar es Salaam had a very good , progressive atmosphere which gave the students a chance to become familiar with pan - Africanist and anti - colonialist ideas . This was due to the Pan - Africanist views and policies of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere , the President of Tanzania . Nevertheless , many professors and lecturers were right wing in their views and this often brought them into conflict with the radical students . T he dissatisfaction with the stance of the lecturers in 1967 led Museveni , Eriya Kategaya , James Wapakhabulo , Joseph Mulwanyamuli Ssemwogerere , John Kawanga , all from Uganda , Charles Kileo and Salim Msoma from Tanzania , Kapote Mwakasungura from Malawi , Adam Marwa and Patrick Quoro also from Tanzania , John Garang from Sudan , Andrew Shija from Tanzania , and many students from other African countries , to form a self - help ideological study and activist group known as the University Students African Revolutionary Front ( USARF ) . Every Sunday they would hold a class , invite speakers of their choice , enrich their ideas about the evolution of society , and discuss topics dealing with the production and distribution of wealth . U SARF was composed of students from Kenya , Zambia , Malawi , Zimbabwe , Ethiopia , Sudan , Tanzania and Uganda and Museveni was elected its chairman for the whole time he was at the university . USARF identified closely with African liberation movements , especially Frelimo in Mozambique , which the Front supported , for instance , by producing pamphlets for their publicity work . Other members of USARF were to become politically active and influential both in Uganda and elsewhere in Africa . Pragmatic , nationalist politician A lthough President Museveni is a man with very strong convictions , his political vision on how to lay a foundation for reconciliation and national harmony enabled him to accommodate ideas that were often opposed to his . One of his greatest contributions to the politics of Uganda , therefore , has been to spearhead a policy of reconciliation after two decades of social and political turmoil . Under his leadership , the Movement Government has ended the vicious circle of vengeance and hatred that had ruined the country . People from different tribes , religions and political allegiances can now co - exist in harmony . H e accepts this heterogeneity as a matter of course because it mirrors the social spectrum of Ugandan society . He formed a broad - based government and demonstrated to Ugandans that although they had different political , social and religious backgrounds , they had a lot in common and a common destiny , contrary to the divide - and - rule tactics previous politicians had used to fragment Ugandan society . H e took pains to explain that the typical Third World problems of poverty , illiteracy , disease and general backwardness had nothing to do with one s religion or ethnic origin . The NRM s guiding Ten - Point Programme , which was debated and agreed upon under his chairmanship in 1984 during the bush war , basically set out to redress the political and social wrongs that were inflicted on the Ugandan people for two - and - a - half decades . He says : " The National Resistance Movement has an unwavering commitment to the respect of human rights and the sanctity of life . We waged a protracted war against tyranny on a platform of restoring personal freedoms and the amelioration of the socio - economic conditions of our people that is the cornerstone of our programme . " H e has typically taken a very independent political stand and says : " We take from every system what is best for us and we reject what is bad for us . We do not judge the economic programmes of other nations because we believe that each nation knows best how to address the needs of its people . The NRM is neither pro - West nor pro - East it is pro - Uganda " . In July 1990 , President Museveni was elected the Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity for the year 1990 / 91 . As he said in his acceptance speech , this was a vote of confidence in the efforts of the National Resistance Movement to build a just society with a democratic and economically viable future for the nation . The general consensus both at home and abroad , however , was that his election was a vote of confidence in the man himself . It showed that after only four - and - a - half years in office , he was already an international statesman of considerable standing . A new constitution for Uganda W hen the National Resistance Movement came to power in 1986 , it started working methodically towards taking Uganda back to the constitutional road from which it had been diverted by past regimes . A Constitutional Commission was instituted to gather views from Ugandans throughout the whole country . After two years work traversing the whole country gathering the people s views , the Commission produced a report from which a draft constitution was extracted . A Constituent Assembly was elected and tasked to debate and enact a new constitution . When the Constituent Assembly was opened on May 18 , 1994 , President Museveni challenged the delegates : " We must ensure that our political institutions spring from our social structure . If we are to develop , we must evolve institutional models which will liberate us from our backwardness . We must modernize our societies and lay the foundation for industrialization . We cannot modernize , industrialize or develop without creating an appropriate institutional framework within which to work . It is the historic responsibility of this Constituent Assembly to set our country on the path to development and prosperity . " Museveni is a supporter of sports as he was an ardent sportsman himself during his school days . A lthough the law entitled him , as President , to address the Constituent Assembly on any issue he wished , he deliberately refused to influence the proceedings . As a result , no individual or political faction can dub the new constitution a Museveni document . This was a great contribution to the constitution - making process . Delegates arrived at decisions either by consensus or majority vote . However , he advised delegates to combine flexibility on contentious issues by distinguishing between subjective demands and the objective realities that faced the country . T he process culminated in the promulgation of a new constitution on October 8 , 1995 . Museveni says : " The NRM has been like a political doctor trying to solve the problems of Uganda . In order to treat a disease , however , you must , first of all , diagnose the illness . " Ugandans agree that the new constitution went a long way towards healing the political and social ills from which Uganda had suffered since independence . It also laid a firm foundation for the stability of the country for generations to come . First directly elected President In 1996 , Museveni offered himself as a candidate for President in the first general elections since the abortive attempt of 1980 . Two other candidates , including Paulo Ssemwogerere , the veteran opposition leader who had been a minister in the NRM Government for 10 years , opposed him . Museveni won a landslide victory with more than 75 per cent of the vote and became the first directly elected President in the history of Uganda . In the last five years , Museveni has initiated dramatic programmes that are destined to transform the lives of Ugandans forever . Grassroots - based programmes in health , safe water provision and mass education have replaced the shallow elite programmes of the past that did not address the needs of the majority of the people . At the same time , Museveni has maintained hard - nosed macro - economic stabilisation policies that have controlled inflation below 10 per cent for the last nine years . Consequently , the GDP of Uganda has doubled over the 15 years that the Movement Government has been in power . Absolute poverty has reduced from 56 per cent to 44 per cent . School enrolment in primary schools has jumped from 2 . 5 million to 6 . 8 million children ; and universities have grown from one in 1986 to 13 by 2001 . News Release President Museveni visits Uganda Cranes camp Friday July 2 , 2004 President Yoweri Museveni has today visited the Uganda Cranes football team which is camped at Namboole Stadium in Wakiso district to morale boost them as they ... more ADB conference opens in Munyonyo Thursday May 25 , 2004 President Yoweri Museveni has affirmed that the mission of the African Development Bank ( ADB ) and other development partners should be devoted towards linking the continent s producers directly with the consumers of the developed world .... more ADB conference opens in Munyonyo Thursday May 25 , 2004 President Yoweri Museveni has affirmed that the mission of the African Development Bank ( ADB ) and other development partners should be devoted towards linking the continent s producers directly with the consumers of the developed world .... more ADB conference opens in Munyonyo Thursday May 25 , 2004 President Yoweri Museveni has affirmed that the mission of the African Development Bank ( ADB ) and other development partners should be devoted towards linking the continent s producers directly with the consumers of the developed world ....

The fight is still too much on authored by Rwabwera Emma on 31 . October 2006 at 13 : 04 Chelsea are likely to do it again , because its " giants " have started eyeing the back of the net . But should not right off the who else ? Gunners of course . IT ISN ' T TOO LATE FOR LIVERPOOL ..... THOUGH MAN . UTD CHELSEA LOOK MOST FAVOURITES . authored by amanya on 26 . October 2006 at 13 : 01 Chelsea & Man utd being in top flight and on - form doesn ' t automatically grant them the premiership title 2006 / 07 , so they shouldn ' t count off ' One of Europe ' s most successful clubs , Liverpool ' . The margin between them and liverpool is not so big to start opening their bags to keep what seems another person ' s . Please , we have not much medication for the frastruted , so Man u and Chelsea fans try to keep it come , and remember we all speak football not only you and Liverpool are still favourities of the premiership title 2006 / 07 despite the poor form . All liverpudians you will never walk alone . leonard , Makerere university come on we all know wat man united is all about authored by ssemanda peter on 26 . September 2006 at 07 : 29 manchester united is better without ruud van nistelrooy and the rooney , saha strike partnership is the best in the premiership . watch manchester united is bringing the trophy to old trafford . Rooney is still gaining match fitness and the whole world what he ' s capable of and ronaldo is just a genius as simple as that . manutd forever peter ssemanda california CHELSEA ARE STILL FAVOURITES THOUGH UTD AND LIVERPOOL ARE WAITING 4 ANY SLEEP authored by MUSANA GERD JOSEPH on 24 . September 2006 at 14 : 19 A CHELSEA ARE STILL FAVOURITES THOUGH UTD AND LIVERPOOL ARE WAITING 4 ANY SLEEP authored by MUSANA GERD JOSEPH on 24 . September 2006 at 14 : 19 A The Game is On ! Who is rising to the ocassion ? authored by John Bosco Lopeyok on 24 . September 2006 at 11 : 55 Week - in , week - out fixture are rolling ; goals are scored , results recorded and the tables are constantly rearranged . What ' s on - The Big Game is on in Europe ! England , Spain , France and Italy + Potrugal are top of the main leagues . There are various sections of the game . In England for example there is The premiership , the FA , Carling and ofcourse the Champions / UEFA to spice it up . In all this , we ask one big question : Who is rising to the ocassion ? A lot of individual players are takinng the game very seriously , not necessarily for one reason ( winning the cup ) . It is for many reasons : winning the cup is definitely no . 1 ; who wants ther golden boot ( top scorer ) , who will be called to the Inteternaional squad , player of the year abc ... 123 ... etc . the list is long . In my view , such individuals include lads like Cristiano Ronaldo , C . Fabregas , Zakora , Riise , Alonso , Rooney , Thiery , Van DerSar , Drogba and many others . If I have to single out one notable person who real rising to the ocassion despite lots of internal conflict within himself , It Manchester United ' s Portuguese winger - C . Ronaldo . You guys , that boy is an admirable power . He is so exciting to watch and at the same time aims for the better for his team . He has faced lots of criticisms , since W / cup but I can assure you Fergie knew better than let him exit OT . Why else did Fergie dispatch his second - in - command to the Portuguese W / cup camp , if not to calm the fear of losing out on one favourable game - winner , in the person of the guy who currenlty wears the famous No . 7 . With his rising maturity Ronaldo is out to prove to many critics that he can do it and that OT is the right place for him to do it . I dig that lad ! NEVER - NEVER - NEVER .... UNITED STILL STANDS A HIGHER CHANCE NOT ARSENAL ...... authored by akena geoffrey lukwiya on 23 . September 2006 at 14 : 23 Depite of the lost to arsenal last weekend , nothing will change or derail the red devils challenge to the title though its still too early to talk about , united lost to abetter arsenal side that day but in all fields except the striking dpartment , united still post a bigger threat than arsenal but could not break the youthful gunners , this season the only true team to challenge chelsea is man utd , if we see from the world cuo fitigue then the small team who sent few players to the world cup should be have gone distance on the log , like chelsea , man united hve got well proven covers for every position ; atitle winning team must be built around individualism ( ronaldo , rooney , heinze and ferdinand ) , consistency ( winning ability which is now on 4 / 5 games ) , experience ( giggs , scholes , silvestre , gary , solskjear , ferdinand , & van dar sar ) , youth ( smith , carrick , evra , vidic , fletcher , park , & richardson ) and the mentor ( sir alex ferguson ) , the current midfield has the ability to dismantle any team in the league if ferguson could only make carrick step in alongside scholes , chelsea has a good midfield but still plays trial and error by deploying lampard , ballack , makelele and essien together but still struggles to break team playing 4 - 4 - 2 formation and sometimes you wonder were the coach will use joe cole and robben if they return to fitness ! while the current arsenal team is still built around fabregas and hunry but injuries will take its toll and the small teams shall dismantle the wenger dynesty come january and by the time the carling cup , fa cup gets and the champions league gets to a knock out stage , wenger might not have any other option but to play the same players week in and week out while chelsea , liverpool and man united will still be on their rotational youth policies , but spurs this season will be 6th with bolton above them , therefore my friend hadji i love football and see it from a wider perspective not from the loss of united to arsenal , the season is still very young and the pridictions are all preliminary but come may united shall .. C !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PIONS ! THIS VIEW IS NOT NECESARILY FROM THE NEW VISION OR ITS MANAGEMENT BUT ITS MY OWN ! reach me on this mail 4 proper discussion jeffkenna2006 @ yahoo . co . uk NEVER - NEVER - NEVER .... UNITED STILL STANDS A HIGHER CHANCE NOT ARSENAL ...... authored by akena geoffrey lukwiya on 23 . September 2006 at 14 : 23 Depite of the lost to arsenal last weekend , nothing will change or derail the red devils challenge to the title though its still too early to talk about , united lost to abetter arsenal side that day but in all fields except the striking dpartment , united still post a bigger threat than arsenal but could not break the youthful gunners , this season the only true team to challenge chelsea is man utd , if we see from the world cuo fitigue then the small team who sent few players to the world cup should be have gone distance on the log , like chelsea , man united hve got well proven covers for every position ; atitle winning team must be built around individualism ( ronaldo , rooney , heinze and ferdinand ) , consistency ( winning ability which is now on 4 / 5 games ) , experience ( giggs , scholes , silvestre , gary , solskjear , ferdinand , & van dar sar ) , youth ( smith , carrick , evra , vidic , fletcher , park , & richardson ) and the mentor ( sir alex ferguson ) , the current midfield has the ability to dismantle any team in the league if ferguson could only make carrick step in alongside scholes , chelsea has a good midfield but still plays trial and error by deploying lampard , ballack , makelele and essien together but still struggles to break team playing 4 - 4 - 2 formation and sometimes you wonder were the coach will use joe cole and robben if they return to fitness ! while the current arsenal team is still built around fabregas and hunry but injuries will take its toll and the small teams shall dismantle the wenger dynesty come january and by the time the carling cup , fa cup gets and the champions league gets to a knock out stage , wenger might not have any other option but to play the same players week in and week out while chelsea , liverpool and man united will still be on their rotational youth policies , but spurs this season will be 6th with bolton above them , therefore my friend hadji i love football and see it from a wider perspective not from the loss of united to arsenal , the season is still very young and the pridictions are all preliminary but come may united shall .. C !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PIONS ! THIS VIEW IS NOT NECESARILY FROM THE NEW VISION OR ITS MANAGEMENT BUT ITS MY OWN ! reach me on this mail 4 proper discussion jeffkenna2006 @ yahoo . co . uk Arsenal Stand a good chance but it might not be enough . authored by John Birungi Babirukamu on 23 . September 2006 at 03 : 58 The poor arsenal start might just be our achilles heel . to put up an unbeaten run like the one three seasons ago still seems to much for arsenal at this point . Yes we scored big in the transfers , getting " the beast " and gallas , but Van persie and Adebayor are to unreliable should Henry get injured as he has been . Wenger is to loyal to players that aren ' t worthy anymore of starting like Ljungberg with obviously better players like Baptista on bench . How he will play gallas other than Left Back , is still a mistery to me . All this as Drogba is at his finest , and ballack ( Despite the red cards ) is getting into the premiership . Liverpool might face the same inconsistency as last season while Manu that is riding high on old legs will surely burn out . It all comes down to whether arsenal have it in them to rise to the occasion , or sadly Chelsea will win it again . Though not so confidently . I guess we should just trust the Proffessor , huh ? Arsenal takes it !!!! authored by KACABS STEPHEN on 22 . September 2006 at 12 : 51 Hey guys , Gunners are smarter and physically fit for the cup . Having beaten man - u is a strengthening base for our start Chelsea next . It has been our tradition to stage challenging and entertaining games . LOSE NO HOPE , ARSENAL IS BACK PLEASE !!!!!!!!

By Simeo Nsubuga NEXT year , Uganda will host the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting ( CHOGM ) . Many modern hotels have been built for the event and they must respond to the security concerns of our guests . It is the responsibility of the hotel staff to keep their guests secure . Below are the tips : The rooms must be secure . Bedroom doors and windows require good quality locks , bolts , security chairs and viewers . The doors , windows and the surrounding materials need to be of good quality to prevent penetration . Room attack alarms for beds are a further consideration , but must be responded to immediately by staff , in the event of activation . The simple introduction of mirrors in a vulnerable point can make the criminal feel very uneasy . Good surveillance across public areas is important . Hotels should introduce a system of hotel safes or centralised safety deposits for storage of valuables for those guests who need this service . The reception desk should have a clear view of the entire reception area including the hotel entrance . All doors from the public side of the reception leading to administrative areas should be controlled . There should be strict key control measures . The management of keys to hotel rooms require strict controls . Reception desk staff should not hand over keys unless satisfied that the request comes from genuine guests . To avoid stolen property from going out of the hotel , security officers must always be on alert at the hotel entrances and gates . All staff admission should be confined to one entrance located away from that used by the public . Management should be encouraged to use the staff entrance as a means of supervision and monitoring . Conditions of employment , including the management team , should cater for random searches . Standard fire safety measures like appropriate portable fire extinguishers should be distributed in the hotel premises . It is necessary to have a modern warning system like a fire alarm bell or siren to alert the occupants in case of fire outbreak . Organising fire prevention training exercises for all your staff and periodical fire safety and prevention inspection surveys should be carried out by the Fire Brigade officers . It is a good idea to employ security guards from the private security organisations which have been vetted and approved by the Inspector General of Police ( IGP ) to operate in the security industry . Installing closed circuit television ( CCTV ) is vital . These are cameras which can be placed on the hotel premises to transmit images of the scene to a video monitor which is viewed by the user . The CCTVs can help to monitor and observe all the hotel premises outside and inside and record all movements without any inconveniences . Warning signs should be placed in the car parks and inside the hotel to offer advice to the guests on how to secure their property . Guests can be advised to place their belongings out of view , for example in car boots , if removing them from the vehicles is inconvenient to them . All hotels should place functioning metal detectors at entrances . They should not allow anybody to take machines or other equipment to the rooms without clearance from the hotel security personnel . All the crime incidents should be reported to police and the hotel management should keep record of crimes which are committed . This will lead to better evaluation of the security situation of the hotel and how best the management can easily deal with the problem . The writer is the Head of Crime Prevention Unit , Uganda Police Force

Poor farmers identified low education levels , ignorance , lack of information and lack of skills – particularly in primary production and financial management - as factors influencing their inability to access and benefit from livelihood opportunities , and subsequently as causing poverty . As such the human capital of all stakeholders – pupils , parents , farmers , local government , implementers , researchers - must be developed in order to transform agriculture and consequently eradicate poverty . This can be achieved through informal education , such as efficient extension ( Section 6 . 3 ) and more formal or targeted interventions in the education sector . Current Situation • Agricultural Education Policy : Currently , there is no agricultural education policy . The absence of such a policy means that agriculture is not accorded due status as a business or a profession , and there is no strategic mobilisation of resources for such education . The Ministry of Education and Sport is responsible for formal agriculture education . • Functional adult literacy : In Uganda , illiteracy17 is a barrier to accessing information and profiting from livelihood opportunities , therefore compounding poverty , especially for women18 . The Government has developed a National Plan for Functional Literacy , although it has yet to be implemented . However , private sector and civil society organisations have embarked on functional literacy programmes , mainly targeting women . • Basic Education : The first step to improving education levels is to ensure that all people receive a minimal education level . The Government ’ s policy of Universal Primary Education ( UPE ) aims at ensuring universal access to primary education . Under UPE , enrolments of boys and particularly girls have increased , although concerns over high pupil to teacher ratios and education quality exist19 . However , currently courses are theoretical and examinationoriented , and are not linked to practical experiences nor to the activities of community and other local stakeholders . Currently , co - ordinating Centres under the MoES TDMS enable teachers support and outreach . • Tertiary Institutions : The tertiary institutions offering agriculture education in Uganda include 4 agricultural training colleges : Arapai , Bukalasa , Busitema ( agricultural mechanisation ) and Entebbe ( fisheries ) ; and Makerere University Faculties of Agriculture , Forestry , Zoology , and Veterinary Medicine . Recently , Makerere University has made significant steps towards reviewing the curricula by introducing , degrees in Agricultural Extension Education , Agribusiness Management , Fisheries and Aqua - cultural Sciences , Food Technology and Food Business Management ; as well as a Continuing Agricultural Education Centre and various relevant new courses . However , currently , the general approach to tertiary agriculture education is not largely based on practical experiences , nor is it responsive to farmer needs or farmer participation , and does not generate multi - disciplinary graduates . The vision of agriculture education under the PMA , therefore , is one in which “ agriculture is treated as a business and an honourable profession and farmers , farmers acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to increase productivity , profits so as to improve their quality of life ” . In order to achieve this goal , agricultural education should first effect change of attitude towards agriculture by demonstrating that agriculture is an enterprise that can generate profits and enable one to eradicate poverty on a sustainable basis . Second , agricultural education must enable beneficiaries to acquire knowledge and skills that enhance their capacity to produce , manage , process , market , distribute , regulate and sustainable use resources professionally . Third , agricultural education must be delivered in such a way that the participants are empowered and motivated to apply the knowledge and skills acquired . Agriculture education demands vast resources and therefore , prioritisation will be necessary to maximise the use of scarce resources . Proposed Strategies • Agriculture Education Policy : The Ministry of Education and Sports must develop an engendered policy that encompass the following : Promotion of agriculture as a business ; Treatment of agriculture as a branch of applied science focusing on experiential learning ; Discouraging the use of agriculture as punishment in schools ; Application of multidisciplinary approaches ; Encouragement of participation ; recognition of indigenous knowledge ; as well as incorporation of the community and the decentralised system of local government in the implementation of agricultural education . In order to promote agriculture education as a priority under the PMA , enhanced co - ordination between the MoES and MAAIF is suggested to develop appropriate teacher guidelines , design curriculum , establish experiential methodologies , such as demonstration farms , to orient education to farmer needs , and to improve effectiveness and quality of service delivery . In order to advance agriculture education , which is a cornerstone of agricultural transformation , earmarked funds from Government and donors must be transferred to the MoES . Cost - sharing initiatives at tertiary levels should also be explored . • Functional Adult Literacy : Current government plans20 and private sector and civil society organisation programmes must be co - ordinated and focused in order to be effective . All such initiatives should be linked with PMA principles , such as rural finance and extension delivery in rural areas , in terms of the information and skills delivered . Curricula must be relevant to people ’ s livelihoods , aimed at life skills for increasing incomes and quality of life . • Agricultural education in the formal sector : At primary and secondary levels , education for agriculture must aim at educating people into agriculture rather than out of agriculture . Enhancement of knowledge of agricultural practices can be achieved through integration of agriculture into curricula ; interesting , participatory and multi - disciplinary approaches ; and engendered curricula in the formal education sector at all levels . In order to achieve this , strengthening of the Local Government and formation of linkages between agriculture , production , extension and education sectors at district level is necessary . • Primary Schools : Integration of vocational skills , including the reintroduction of a broad , well - packaged agriculture component , into the primary schools curriculum would provide practical knowledge and skills for many young people – boys and girls . This may better equip them for engagement in the agricultural sector either through their own efforts or by passing the information and skills learnt onto other household members . The activities existing under the Co - ordinating Centres Infrastructure ( TDMS ) should be strengthened to enhance outreach and linkages . Appropriate educational material , and adoption of experiential approaches – demonstrations , school farms and farm visits - for enabling problem - solving and enhancing pupil enjoyment is required and must be supported by 20 National Plan for Functional Adult Literacy , MGLSD , 1996 . district and sub - county extension services . In addition , training of teachers in teachers colleges ( NTCs and TTCs ) , as well as in - service training at the district level , must be reviewed in order to create a system ( harmonised , integrated , experiential , increased competencies , and promoting role modelling ) that enables more effective teaching of agriculture . The district education and agriculture staff can adapt the curriculum to focus on district specific aspects of agriculture and aquaculture . Involvement of community members , parents and extension staff would further broaden the scope of such education . • Secondary Schools : The system commenced at the primary school level must be continued at the secondary level , expanding on the basic vocational knowledge built for those students who would like to pursue agricultural studies options . Pre - and in - service teacher re - orientation for agriculture education is necessary to enhance competencies , as above . Increased co - ordination and linkages amongst schools , extension services , youth groups and community and business members . • Tertiary Education : Training must be holistic , responsive and relevant to the labour market in agriculture and peripheral sectors , as well as to community and selfdevelopment needs . Further , agriculture , agro - forestry and fisheries must be promoted as business enterprises . Curricula must include farming , livestock management , forestry , fisheries and environmental aspects – the depth of study depending on the area of speciality . Courses in each discipline should include marketing , processing , management , livelihood / farming systems approaches , participatory methodologies , communication and training . To achieve the desired transformation , rural areas have to have a critical mass of skilled people that can use and maintain the necessary labour saving machinery and tools that are needed to reduce drudgery and increase productivity . Institutions like Busitema will need to be expanded and possibly replicated in each region of Uganda . Internships should be mandatory for any courses oriented towards fieldwork and extension . Lastly , linkages must be created between these tertiary institutions in order to harmonise curricula and approaches . • Agricultural colleges : Colleges must be oriented to produce graduates who have appropriate skills to engage in various areas of the agricultural sector – training , academic institutes , civil servants as well as extensionists , farm managers , and those involved in manufacture , marketing and agro - processing . As such the curriculum must contain theory and practical application , as well as agri - business skills and management . Training – of - trainer skills and community development skills should also be developed to encourage farmer participation , to mobilise farmers , assess their needs , develop packages to meet those needs and train and sensitise farmers . In addition , infrastructure and equipment as well as well - motivated and qualified staff must be in place to implement appropriate curricula and produce labour marketoriented graduates . • Universities : Universities must continue the recent progress towards adopting the recommendations made under the agricultural colleges . Graduates must have practical skills and experience to be able to engage in agriculture as a profitable business . They Plan for Modernisation of Agriculture : Eradicating Poverty in Uganda must have a good understanding of farmers ’ constraints and livelihood systems to be able engage farmers in all levels of implementation and to apply their knowledge to address practical situations . Graduates must appreciate the implications of the policies within the sector and the country in general and how the policies and regulations impact on agriculture . This is imperative given the policy to recruit graduate extension staff at sub - county level . Collaboration between faculties and departments is advised . In addition , while one fisheries college exists at Entebbe , higher level fisheries officers hold Bachelor of Science degrees and have not received specialised training in fisheries livelihood systems and management . Tailored courses are recommended at degree level . Such courses could also target individuals who are already engaged in agriculture but desire to improve their academic qualifications . Agricultural education in the informal sector : Informal agriculture education will be delivered to farmers , youth , extension workers , trainers and teachers through the district Agricultural Development Centres ( ADCs ) as well as through established farmer ’ s , women ’ s and youth groups . Such education should be experiential , participatory through the creation of dynamic networks , and based on role models , such as farmers , teachers and extensionists , within the community . In particular , reestablishment of voluntary youth clubs , as in the past , or vocational training courses through district ADCs or outreach programmes would foster attitude changes as well as deliver and demonstrate simple skills training in sustainable methods , marketing and processing . As a result , youth may become empowered to be pro - active , rather than complacent , in improving their livelihoods . Such schemes must be self - sustaining with little local government intervention , to a large extent , through crop production and marketing , small projects , and competitions between groups . Other potential activities include farmer ’ s fora , seminars and workshops , open days , competitions , exhibitions , exchange visits or study tours , and twinning arrangements between local and eternal institutions . The mass media and groups can also be utilised . National agricultural education strategy For more information please go to The Ministry of Education Web site

By Ssemakula Kiwanuka I am forced to write this article because if the judgement of Justice Okumu Wengi against Makerere is allowed to stand , it will jeopardise the integrity and credibility of the academic qualifications from our universities . I am also embarrassed because I have to criticise the learned Judge for demonstrating what is less than an adequate knowledge and understanding of how universities are run . But let me declare that I have not always agreed with Makerere and on some occasions I have sided with Nakawa . This time , however , I have to defend Makerere for its firm stand in defence of the academic integrity of its qualifications . Hence my disagreement and criticism of Justice Wengi s judgement . Justice Wengi was wrong when he dismissed the grounds for academic malpractices upon which Makerere discontinued the said student . These were the presentation of scripts with different registration numbers , scripts with different names and scripts with different handwritings . Simple logic leads to the conclusion that a bonafide student with no intention for impersonation and ghost writing of examinations does not present scripts with different registration numbers or with different handwritings . All universities worth their names treat such incidents as serious and they constitute uncondonable academic malpractices . Integrity Cases of academic impersonations and ghost writing of examinations should not be allowed to flourish in our universities under the guise of judicial reviews . Because when people lose respect in the integrity of the qualifications of an academic institution , such an institution sinks to third rate status and Makerere should never allow that to happen . I have stated that the integrity of the qualifications awarded by our universities will be undermined by this judgement because after Makerere s Committee of Deans had collectively recommended the discontinuation of the offending student for serious academic malpractices , MUBS which is an affiliated institution to Makerere disagreed , overrode the decision and reinstated the student . Decision of senate Was the offending student judged by one individual ? The answer is no . He was judged by a collective Committee of Deans which is the subcommittee of Senate . Did the Makerere University Senate uphold the recommendation of its Committee of Deans ? The answer is yes . Should academic degrees be awarded by courts of law ? The answer is no because such courts are not the custodians and are not the guarantors of academic quality assurance and courts of law should never give comfort to gross examination offences . I was therefore shocked when the learned judge threw aspersions on the Committee of Deans , which is the academic voice of any university . Affiliation status In defiance of its mother institution , MUBS reinstated the dismissed student . That was a gross violation of MUBS affiliated status to Makerere whose Senate has superior jurisdiction . Similarly , Justice Wengi errored when he upheld the overriding of the Makerere Senate decision by MUBS because MUBS as the affiliated institution , cannot override a decision of a superior institution . The two are not equal . I got the impression that Justice Wengi failed to appreciate the academic significance of the term affiliated when applied to academic institutions . An academic institution is described as affiliated because it is deemed to be younger , inexperienced and has not yet acquired an independent status to offer its own degrees . Because it does not have the academic status and respect to award its own degrees it takes on the status of an affiliated , maturing institution . For this reason the institution to which other institutions affiliate , has superior jurisdiction . During that period of pupilage and guardianship , the qualifications of the junior affiliated institution are guaranteed by the superior institution . The relationship presupposes that the Senate and Council of the affiliated institution are inferior to those of the mother institution . It follows therefore that MUBS was out of order to override a decision by Makerere University Senate and Council . London University The best example in the Commonwealth was that of the University of London to which many emerging university colleges such as Makerere , Legon in Ghana ; Ibadan in Nigeria as well as the West Indies and Southampton , etc were affiliated as they grew and matured . The degrees they gave were London University degrees because London guaranteed their academic quality and standing . Because of the affiliated status , the Senate and Council of Makerere University College could never override decisions by The Senate of London University . The two were not of equal status . These examples of London University with its affiliated colleges , should be an object lesson in understanding the relationship which governs the affiliation of academic institutions . As long as the affiliation status exists , the degrees and other academic awards are those of the senior institution , which under special arrangements allow its name , Senate and Council to be used and to oversee the academic and professional growth of the young institution , in this case MUBS . During the process of academic maturity , the affiliated institution can be allowed to award in its own name lower qualifications such as certificates and undergraduate diplomas , but not academic degrees . This is where MUBS stands today . From the foregoing , it is clear that Justice Wengi failed to understand what affiliation meant and entailed . It meant that , once Makerere s Committee of Deans recommended a course of action and as long as that recommendation was upheld by the Makerere University Senate , the MUBS academic organs which are academically inferior in status could not override Makerere s decisions . Thus MUBS act of overriding cannot be sustained in academic traditions and conventions and for that reason in law . Justice Wengi argued that MUBS informed the Minister of Education and Sports as well as the Visitor of its decision to override that of Makerere . But the mere act of notifying these two political individuals cannot nullify an academic malpractice however politically powerful the informed individuals may be . Collaborative relationship Along the way in his lengthy judgement , Justice Wengi confused the relationships between the two institutions . It was not a relationship of equal partners . That was why the Nakawa academic qualifications had to carry the imprimatur of Makerere as a guarantee of their quality and standing . But there can be other arrangements when institutions function as equals and the word affiliation does not appear in their relationships . Many Universities in the world today provide collaborative programmes , but they do so as equals and not as affiliated institutions . I shall give a few examples . The University of London School of Economics and the New York University Stern School of Business ran what they call a Global Executive MBA . They do so as equals and the MBA degree they give is recognised by each institution without carrying the name of the other as MUBS carried the name of Makerere . Another example is that of The London Business School and Columbia University in New York . They run an EMBA but they do so as equals . Oxford University and HEC Paris have a collaborative programme but each stands on its own . One can get a HEC Masters degree or an Oxford Masters degree . In the case of Makerere and MUBS , such was never the relationship because the two institutions carried an inbuilt and recognised unequal status . One was affiliated to the other . Deans and their committees I found it embarrassingly strange and I am therefore forced to criticise the learned Judge on matters which are fairly elementary for those who know the structures of and how universities are run . Here is a simple ABC for beginners . The University Senate is the supreme body in academic matters . Deans whose authority and status Justice Wengi seemed to debank , are the pillars of any academic institution . Deans Committees may not be explicitly spelt out in Articles or Statutes but such Committee and their functions are recognised by the law of academic custom and usage , also known as convention . A Deans Committee cannot therefore be dismissed as a mere act of proliferation as Justice Wengi wants us to believe . A decision or a recommendation by the Committee of Deans , when upheld by Senate , cannot be an usurpation of the power of the so - called legal organs as Justice Wengi argued . The name MUBS was allowed to use the name Makerere because it was an affiliated institution . Once that arrangement stops , MUBS cannot continue to use that name without the consent of the mother institution . Similarly MUBS cannot give degrees which bear the name Makerere without the consent of Makerere . Here again we can refer to the University of London . The day Makerere University College ceased to be affiliated to London University , it ceased giving degrees which bore the name London University . If the High Court has conferred independent status to MUBS and if Nakawa feels that it is a university in its own right and it is no longer affiliated to Makerere , it should not hang on to the name of another institution . Nakawa should stand on its own legs and have its independent name . Makerere must also withdraw its own name because the affiliation status no longer exists , just as London withdrew its own name from the Makerere degrees . PhDs In an escalation of its quarrel , MUBS ran advertisements in the local press about its new status conferred by the High Court . The question which it will have to face in future is whether it has adequate academic capacity to supervise and award PhD ? Universities which seek international respect do not have to seek court decrees to recognise their academic awards because the proof of the pudding should be in the cooking . Independent It is a matter of debate whether the High Court has powers to create independent academic institutions . I shall leave that argument to the Ministry of Education and possibly to Parliament . Makerere has a worldwide reputation which it has built over the years . It must defend that reputation by the quality of its academic awards . Hostile court decisions should never compromise that which made and still makes Makerere a great institution . The writer is the Minister of State for Investment

1 . 0 INTRODUCTION The lack of an information and communication technology infrastructure has had an adverse effect on the instruction , research , management and administration functions . This gap should be urgently addressed if Makerere is to maintain its newly revitalised image . It is in recognition of this draw back that Makerere University as a major , public higher education Institution has risen to the challenge of incorporating information and Communication Technologies ( ICTs ) in its administration and academic functions . It is positioned to fully utilise Information Technology as a revolutionary tool for enhancing the scholarly environment of its students , faculty and staff while at the same time streamlining service management for the efficient running of the University . Indeed the mobilising of ICT resources was a given high priority in the University strategic plan discussions in February this year . Embracing Information Technology is indeed the key component in meeting the challenges of the 21 st century . Creating this new environment will be expensive and significant funding is a continuing challenge to move with the changing trends ; in software and hardware as well as training . Motivation for Change The impetus for change stems from four ( 4 ) factors : - Higher education the world over is being subjected to the same demands for cost effectiveness efficiency and productivity that have caused major restructuring in other sectors of society . It is coming under increased scrutiny from both funding agencies and its customers to deliver higher quality , more relevant product . It must better meet the needs of a student population whose characteristics are much different than a decade ago . Higher education must take the opportunity to apply the benefits of the " Information Age " to society . Cost Government funding which used to help offset institutional expenses in the past has nearly dried up . Only fundamental change will produce the needed efficiencies . The government requires that the University trim budgets and streamline operations . These requirements have been passed right on down to the department / classroom level " do more with less " . Quality Universities are being evaluated against a different set of standards than in the past . The emphasis is on outcome . Higher education is judged by what students have " learned " not what they have been " taught " . New methodologies will have to be developed to assess the quality of students learning accomplished with improved technologies . Demographics More and more University students are working adults who repeatedly enter and leave the education system over an extended period of time . These students typically are " place bound " due to family and work requirements . Consequently time and location of instruction are very important to them such students would benefit from the application of technologies that support " asynchronous learning i . e . " on - demand " time and place independent delivery of personalised instruction . Opportunity Many leading Universities are beginning to meet the above challenges by leveraging the effectiveness of their Faculty through the use of educational technology . The result is a more self - directed educational environment for the student and more time for individual student - Faculty interaction . In particular easy easy - to - use tools for delivery of multimedia ( text , graphics and sound ) presentations now offer a mode of instruction that gives students to be much more active than passive in their learning . The age old lecture hall " talking head " is fading away to executing , interactive " edutainment " exercises like simulation games and knowledge exploration on the World Wide Web . TRAINING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ( ICTS ) Training Systems Personnel Training User Personnel Participants Data preparation personnel Data Entry personnel System operators All direct and indirect users Areas of emphasis Equipment usage Equipment troubleshooting System - run procedure Equipment usage ( where applicable ) Equipment troubleshooting ( where applicable ) Application familiarisation Activity scheduling System maintenance Data management Security Data capture and coding Data handling : Addition of records Deletion of records Editing of records Information retrieval Information utilisation Back to top TRAINING METHODS In - service and vendor - provided : Equipment usage " Hands - on " operation Software features and controls In - house Same as above , but may be tailored to user firm . May use audio and visual instructional material , special training manuals , or special software . Training Even well designed and technically elegant systems can succeed or fail because of the way they are operated and used . Therefore , the quality of training received by the personnel involved with the system in various capacities helps or hinders , and may even prevent , the successful implementation of an information system . Those who will be associated with or affected by the system must know in detail what their roles will be , how they can use the system , and what the system will or will not do . Both systems operators and users need training . Training Systems Operators Many systems depend on the computer - centre personnel , who are responsible for keeping the equipment running as well as for providing the necessary support service . Their training must ensure that they are able to handle all possible operations both routine and extra - ordinary . Operator training must also involve the data entry personnel . Training should therefore be an integral part of the University information policy plan . 2 . 0 TRAINING STRATEGIES There are 3 broad areas in which training is required in order to integrate the uses of technology into the University curriculum : Training students to understand and make use of essential technologies used in basic University communication , classroom instruction , and research . Training faculty on the use of technologies in classroom instruction , communications with students , and curriculum development . Developing an infrastructure that supports both existing and emerging uses of technology in instruction and curriculum development . The deployment of ICTs in Makerere will be two - fold : Student / Faculty initiative Administration 2 . 1 Phase I Student / Faculty Initiative Address the emergency situation of the glaring gap in ICT skills in the two above sectors to unable appreciation of the basics before embarking on the advanced stage of content development and usage . This phase should recognise and related ICT deployment to the core University function of educating students . 2 . 1 . 1 . Basic Training It is imperative that Makerere determines that in addition to demonstrate proficiency in their own disciplines , students acquire basic computer and information literacy skills which are increasingly a part of the world in which they live and work . The University should be committed to providing a basic level of competency for all students and will eventually initiate a plan to ingrate web - based technologies in the instructional process . This effort will incorporate a number of opportunities for students and Faculty to enhance their computer knowledge and skills within the framework of the lower division core curriculum and within 3 years expand into the upper - division major courses . Requirements : Access to computer information resources should be mandatory in Lecture rooms , Faculty offices , Laboratories and administrative offices through the University computer network . A computer to student ratio should be 1 : 2 minimum in a given session . encourages interaction students can help each other to overcome phobias and assist those who are weak Every lecture should have a PC in their office . Institutional standard equipment in the classroom should be power point projector , screen / wall and white board . 2 . 1 . 2 Development of Faculty ICT capacity It is important to note that training in ICTs continuous process related to the changes that characterise this field . As such requirements for both training and equipment will never cease . The University should seek to be cost - effective and build local capacity . In the absence of a service unit ( Computer Centre ) the Institute of Computer Science which is the University academic and research unit should train selected Faculty personnel . Effort should be made to involve graduate students in the lower and courses involve graduate / competent in basic training of fellow students and training of trainers at faculty level . The Institute of Computer Science ( ICS ) will conduct a readiness survey to determine faculties and are ready to proceed with training . Progress will depend on compliance with set readiness " criteria . Student / Faculty Training To accomplish the first phase of fundamental training the following steps are necessary : - Set up Faculty ICT task force . Responsible for co - ordinating / supervising IT site preparation IT training needs assessment Training of student / Faculty Settings up help desk ( training help desk management ) Develop a plan for assigning e - mail addresses and activating accounts for all students and faculty . Identify basic Internet skills and develop appropriate training modules for each of the courses in which the skills will be taught . Assure the necessary infrastructure to support these initiatives including but not limited to an expanded help desk , computer labs and training personnel to work with both students and faculty . Develop and administer assessment instruments . Analyse results including experiences of students and faculty participating in these pilot programs and new initiatives . Expand " Help Desk " functions for students , faculty and staff . To develop and implement an evaluation for each phase . Will introduce all student / faculty to : - Introduce trainees to the computer Standard application packages - priority in Word processing . Searching information from the Internet . Use of e - mail Power point presentation ( emphasis on Lecturers ) 3 . 0 Phase 1 Administration And Management The negative implications of the manual students record management cannot be are well catalogued . the type delayed response time loss of records frustration Over - head cost have characterised Makerere University administration procedures and compromised management . The University ICT master plan will lay out the priorities and indicate where implementations should start . The University priority in ICT use in management should be student records . Because of limited time , it is necessary to gradually purchase as opposed to develop a set of rule - based , integrated administrative software systems to address student databases , registration and financial accounting ; personnel / pay roll budget and human resource computerised functions , and all financial transactions of the University . Such a system must complement ( if purchased in incremental modules ) existing systems , be easy to maintain and be compatible with the University requirements and plans for development . Training of the Academic Registrar s department should be priority in administration as well as selected personnel from Faculty and Halls of Residence with whom the Academic Registrar s office interface . Training at this level should be done in house ( on the premises ) as much as possible unless specialised training is required . It should be done by the particular authorised software house trainers . 3 . 1 Considerations Data entry will be a huge task . To rationalise training resources and enable personnel to train more data entry should be out - sourced for both Administration and Library . Training of System Operators The first critical training will be that of network administrators as the network is put in place . In both categories the training of operators is essential to handle serious problems at the faculty level . After the installation of the University backbone technical training will be mandatory to manage departmental local area networks . Training in this case will largely depend on faculty capacity . Indeed the recruitment and retention of trained technical professionals is essential to implementing a technical , re - engineering of University administrative system as training of students , faculty and staff . Evaluation Evaluation of each state in this initiative is essential to its success and to the development of long - term institutional model that assures quality of the service and management . Phase III Technology Enhanced Interactive Learning ( TEIL ) Paradigm Shift Learning has changed from a one way delivery system into a two - way discussion . This has been enabled by both student / lecture access to the Internet as the world s greatest archive of information . The classroom is no longer a static environment where the teacher sits a sole source of knowledge . In a connected classroom students and teachers can explore and learn together . Research has shown that integrating telecommunications has made a real difference in how teachers teach . Makerere University recognises this as a challenging opportunity to reconsider the nature of students learning experience as it relates to both the ways in which knowledge is shared and the way students learn . Training Faculty on the use of technologies in the classroom instruction , communications with students and curriculum development , should be the next phase . This involves : - Integrating Web based and Web - enhanced technologies in the instructional process . To accomplish this goal the following steps are necessary . To develop and implement a pilot project that integrates we - enhanced instruction into core courses . To train faculty in WebCT and provide planning time for course development using technology . To establish a competitive program for faculty to develop courses making use of traditional and web enhanced methods . To develop and implement an evaluation for each phase of the initiative user Satisfaction Survey . Provide for an incentive system . Expand " Help - Desk " functions for Students / Faculty / Staff . A competitive program for developing web - enhanced / web - based course content should be set up and supervised by the Institute of Computer Science and the Faculty ICT task force . The objective is to enable students / Faculty to use computers as a learning tool . Develop content on the web , which should be accessible within the University . Second State of this Phase Will be developing content that is accessible globally on the Internet , which will eventually support distance learning . The Institute of Computer Science will be offering support and guidelines for faculties to develop their own content . A system of incentives should be developed to encourage faculties that are exemplary . Again evaluation of each state is mandatory to ensure compliance and quality . Phase IV Library Library To realise the vision of becoming a major Research University , Makerere must : - Provide access and training to members of the University community , so that they can readily access and authenticate local and global information resources from the desktop . Provide systems for efficient processing and archiving of Library materials . Maintain the telecommunications infrastructure that ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) require . It strongly promote the " digital Library " concept by subscribing to select external information resources . Training should be limited to system operations and equipment usage . Given the magnitude of Library records , Data entry of records should be out - sourced . Priority should be given current circulation . Users should be trained to enter data . Check in / out desk operations It is important that the University recognises that the Library is not a space for reading . ICTs should be used to transform the Library into an Information Resource Facility . CONCLUSION Training will be the single most important activity in this ICT initiative . Indeed any technology is only as good as its utility . Makerere University should have a strong training component in its information policy . Consideration should be given to sustainability issues because ICT training will be continuos and frequent . The training plan should also consider a phased approach to ensure quality and efficient usage of scarce resources Training of systems personnel especially those managing the University backbone should be first priority as soon as the network is installed . Training should focus on the University core function of equipping our students with ICT skills that enable them to face the challenges of the 21 st century . To realise the visions set forth in the University s strategic plan , the University partners in training towards the University of today . 4 . REFERENCES Technology for the Top : A Public Private Partnership for Applying Information Technology to Deliver Solutions for Education and Commerce . Analysis and Design of Information Systems , Second Edition , J . A . Senn . Information for Development , Volume 6 , 1996 Back to top DISCUSSION - STRATEGIES FOR TRAINING The following key points were noted and suggested out of the discussion between the Presenter and the participants . 1 . Training for user staff Reiterated : That the Institute of computer science is competent to handle training for user staff which should be embarked on very urgently Suggested : That the University could put in place a scheme to motivate all staff to train in ICT usage . Observed : That the University Library Services at Main Library also has capacity to handle training for user staff . It embarked on this exercise since July 1997 and so far has trained 32 academic , 96 administrative staff and 2000 students ( Postgraduate and Undergraduate ) . 2 . Student involvement in ICT management Noted : Students can be resourceful in the running and maintenance of the ICT system ; especially since they are cheap and can be committed to the system . Back to top THE PROPOSED MAKERERE UNVERSITY NETWORK By Dr . F . Tusubira , Mr . A . Kyeyune , Mr . A . Ndiwalana 1 . INTRODUCTION The proposed Makerere University Campus Computer Network originates from the ADB project study which was carried out in 1993 . Because of the unforeseen problems the project never took up . In * February 2000 Technology Consults Ltd . ( TECO ) was commissioned to guide the procurement of a computer network for Makerere University . 2 . DESIGN PHILOSOPHY Though the original concept assumed a concentration of resources at the Institute of Computer Science ( ICS ) . We are recommending distributed resources covering all campus areas . The original concept dwelt a lot on the provision of computer hardware for users . We are recommending focus on connectivity including direct Internet access . Intelligent switches will be located in each Faculty or major unit . Faculties and major units will have to build up their internal LANs . The original concept had ICS and the Library as major beneficiaries . We recommend that they remain major beneficiaries , but without the concentrated resources : remote access , especially to the Library , should be possible from any campus location . 3 . NETWORK CAPABILITY The original concept focused on computer networking . We recommend a total communication network capable of supporting data and voice / interactive multimedia . We recommend a TCP / IP based campus intranet . The original concept had some considerable debate on capacity . We recommend providing the highest bandwidth possible to meet the requirement of efficient multimedia communications . 4 . COVERAGE The original concept focused largely on academic facilities on the main campus . We recommend establishing of connectivity to MUARIK , MUBS , Medical School , and Buyana Stock Farm . We also recommend inclusion of all halls of residence and staff quarters . See the logical diagram below . The main backbone will run between Physics , ICS , Main Building , and CCE . High capacity links will run to the faculties , major administrative units , and halls of residence . Individual staff units should be able , at owner s cost , to establish wireless linkage into the intranet and hence the internet at rates above 128 kilobits per second . Provision and MUARIK will have one main centre and wireless connection to other units . Access to the locations off the main campus will be by terrestrial line of sight links . 5 . PARTNERS So far the University has already got partner to support it efforts in establishing the network . These are the Leland initiative , ADB , and Uganda Government . 5 . 1 The Leland Initiative Project The Leland Initiative aims to establish direct Internet access and wireless connectivity on campus . The Leland Initiative Project focuses on establishing the VSAT link , intelligent switches at all POPs , all the necessary bridges , routers , servers and associated software . This will deliver a complete working system . 5 . 2 The African Development Bank ( ADB ) Project The ADB will provide high capacity connectivity ( fibre Optic ) University backbone that can support high traffic ( Gigabit ) over the network . Also it will provide a selected hardware and software to ICS , library and possibly other academic centres . 5 . 3 Uganda Government The Uganda government will fund civil works in trenching , laying cables , set - up and security of POPs , training , and hardware and software support for LANs in faculties , institutes , and schools . 6 . MANAGEMENT The Leland Initiative has a built in transitional management phase . The University Computer Committee must define a long - term management structure . The proposal in the GTZ concept could be considered . It is critical that the University evolves an ICT policy and guidelines . A critical element in this is likely to be sustainability through suitable cost recovery mechanisms . 7 . CONCLUSION Makerere University has already gone some way , using internal capacity , in developing designs for ICT infrastructure . External experienced input will help to ensure that the design is sufficient and future - proofed .

COURSE TITLE : HOSPITALITY PRODUCTS COURSE CODE : BLHM 103 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course unit introduces students to various hospitality operations and their products and services . It aims at providing the students with basic knowledge of hospitality industry . Importance of the course Unit Students will gain and develop an understanding of how hospitality operations are organized and managed with more emphasis on Ugandan hospitality businesses . Hospitality products course unit provides an overview of the hospitality industry and therefore acts as a foundation course unit . The course unit also involves undertaking a field trip to various hospitality establishments in and around Kampala city to enable the students acquaint themselves with various hospitality products and services available to guests . Job / Career opportunities . This is one of the many course units within the hospitality option . But at the end of the course , students can work in the following areas : Marketing of hospitality products & services Various hotel departments and restaurants Fast Foods and Takeaways Contract catering Theme parks Welfare catering such as Educational Institutions / Schools , Hospitals etc . COURSE TITLE : BASIC FRENCH To introduce students of International Business to the basic notions of French Grammar , Comunication skills and Business management as well as administration COURSE TITLE : BASIC FRENCH COMMUNICATIONS GENERAL OBJECTIVES To introduce students of International Business to the basic notions of French Grammar , Comunication skills and Business management as well as administration COURSE TITLE : BUSINESS ECONOMICS OBJECTIVES : The aim of this course is to equip the students with business knowledge required in solving day today business challenges . COURSE TITLE : BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR HOSPITALITY COURSE OBJECTIVES Introduce the students to modern Information and Communication technology with specific focus on the computer as an information - processing machine . Highlight specific application as of information technology in the business world Harness the students decision - making skills related to technology . COURSE TITLE : CULTURE AND HOSPITALITY COURSE CODE : BBA 359 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction Diversity and multi - culturalism are critical themes in the hospitality industry , especially for those who prepare for management level positions through which organizational policies are framed and carried forward . Developing an understanding , sensitivity and competence in management in the midst of diversity is essential to the successful leadership in the industry . This course fosters reflection on critical contemporary issues , and seeks to develop competence and sensitivity through which students can manage effectively within multi - cultural settings . Job / Career opportunities A well - qualified student can easily handle the following jobs Office Management Human Resource Management Personnel and Administration Field work Operations Manage a communications department Head customer service department COURSE TITLE : FOOD AND BEVERAGE COSTING COURSE CODE : DCH 030 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course introduces the student to the knowledge pertaining to food and beverage controls . It defines a number of key terms and concepts and analyses the working definitions for the terms ; sales , costs and the overall control process in food and beverage operations . It introduces the basics of cost - sales ratios analysis . The four - step control process is thoroughly explained and discussed . The course also focuses on the various phases of food and beverage operations the control techniques and procedures are also discussed in detail . Job Opportunities Career opportunities will be open for students to work as : Purchasing clerks Receiving clerks Storekeepers in hotels and other related properties Food and beverage inventory controllers COURSE TITLE : FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE : BLHM 302 Introduction Generally , the course equips students with theoretical and practical knowledge and skills in control and management of Foods and Beverages during service so as to realize profits for their organizations . Course Objectives 1 . To relate food and beverage management functions with food and beverage operations . 2 . To appreciate control in food and beverage management 3 . To be able to develop , price and cost menus 4 . To identify food service outlets and their functions 5 . To know the different methods of serving food to customer 6 . To appreciate the value of portion control 7 . To identify food service equipment and tools 8 . To handle different kinds of beverages and alcoholic drinks appropriately 9 . To appreciate importance of customer care so as to retain customers and promote sales Careers in Food and Beverage Management A person who has mastered nutritional knowledge can follow one of the following careers : 1 . An informed cook who aims at providing health promoting foods 2 . As a Public health dietician in town councils , Ministry of Health , Ministry of Education and in public canteens and supermarkets to advise on the right foods to stock and provide in public eating places . 3 . As a dietitian caterer in institutions that provide meals such as schools , colleges , universities , prisons etc . 4 . As a hospital dietician who focuses on the use of diet in the treatment and management of disease . 5 . As a nutrition educationist in the community so as contribute to good health and productivity in population and to national economic development COURSE TITLE : FOOD PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION COURSE CODE : DCH 009 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction The nature of the Hospitality industry is to provide meals for people who are away from home . These people come in many categories , they may be stop over travelers , tourists , business executives , honorable politicians , students and many more . Food Preparation and Production involves detailed commercial operations . Therefore to succeed , one must be a good financial manager in addition to being a professional cook . Modern eating goes beyond just satisfying hunger , it demands what is called the total meal experience , which means eating food which is fashionable , attractive to look at , tasty , wholesome , healthy and hygienically safe . The food should in addition be served by interested , cheerful , helpful and friendly staff and eaten in a relaxed ambience . This calls for a scientific approach to producing meals . Food Preparation & Production has been greatly mechanized and is now digital , to be efficient one needs to learn to work with this modernization . Most customers are always time conscious , one needs machines to speed up safely . Career / Job Opportunities Job opportunities exist in various hospitality establishments Hotels Restaurants Fast foods Hospitals Educational institutions and others Food Preparation and Production lends itself to specialization , e . g . one can just do baking and confectionery or barbecuing and become as successful as anyone else . For those who aspire to become managers , one cannot sensibly manage the food service trade if they do not possess the technical and professional insight of the mechanics of the operations . A smart cook who can make money for him / herself or for their employer will always sell . COURSE TITLE : FOOD PRODUCTION 1 OBJECTIVES Food production 1 is the initiation course into food production curriculum and covers both theory and practicals in the areas of food knowledge , kitchen knowledge and organization and kitchen practicals . COURSE TITLE : FOOD PRODUCTION 2 COURSE OBJECTIVES Introduce students to menu planning and management Understand how to use convenience foods together with regular fresh foods in food production . Increase more food production practical skills and personal work independence , Pastry & baking Understand the food and beverage control in purchasing and storage . COURSE TITLE : FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE I COURSE CODE : BCH 202 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course offers an introduction to food and beverage outlets , food and beverage service areas and equipment and categorizing the food and beverage personnel . It focuses on the key definition of menus as well as some styles of service in food and beverage establishments . It introduces the student to the basic food and beverage service technical skills . Finally , it offers some very basic information about the food and beverage service sequence plus break fast and afternoon tea service terms . Job Opportunities This course lays the foundation for the student to start off their career as operatives in the food and beverage industry in the following areas : Fast food / take - away establishments . Institutional establishments Up - market hotels Entertainment operations . COURSE TITLE : FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE II COURSE CODE : BCH 301 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course introduces the student to the second stage of the course in food and beverage service . It aims at providing the student with more advanced knowledge and technical skills in the service of food and beverages . It particularly addresses the specialized forms of service in various operations in the industry . Specific standards and procedures for specialized service are seriously discussed and carried out in the training restaurant . The food and beverage sales control techniques are specifically dealt with in this course . Job Opportunities This course , being the final stage in the food and beverage course , will lead the student to have a career as a supervisor or trainee Manager in the latter part of his / her career . COURSE TITLE : FRENCH COURSE CODE : BCH 1I ( 215 ) , BCH III ( 356 ) , DLH ( 032 ) , DCH ( 032 ) , DSIM ( 033 ) , BIB ( 111 ) , BOIM ( 305 / 313 ) , BBA ( 352 / 356 ) PROGRAMMES : BACHELOR OF : CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OFFICE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT DIPLOMAS IN : CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT LEISURE & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT SECRETARIAL & INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Introduction French is one of the widely spoken International Languages in the world owing its origin from the fact that it was once a language of Diplomats . Why Study Business French at Makerere University Business School Well , we are living in a changing world that is slowly drifting into one global village . This means that French is slowly being used in all fields be it in Management , Business , Catering , Tourism , Politics etc . Learning French exposes the students to a second international language that is very crucial for the Hospitality industry . At Makerere University Business School , we now offer French to various programs such as Bachelor of Business Administration , Bachelor of International Business , Bachelor of Catering and Hotel Management , Diploma in Catering and Hotel Management , Diploma in International Business etc . We teach word , terms , expressions , phrases , grammar that are suitable for the varied professions mentioned above to enable one compete effectively in the tense job market . COURSE TITLE : HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS COURSE CODE : BCH 204 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTOR : Phoebe Kabanza pkabanza @ mubs . ac . ug Ph D Foods , Nutrition and Dietetics ( Kenyatta University ) PGD Nutrition ( King s College , London ) B Ed Home Economics ( Makerere University ) M . A . Ed Mgt & Admin . ( Makerere University ) Introduction Nutrition is the study of the influence of food intake on health and wellbeing . The importance of nutrition in the primary prevention of disease ( public health nutrition ) is recognized by governments in both developing and developed countries . Public health nutrition involves studying the relationships between dietary intake and state of health . What one eats has influence on him / her intellectually , physically and socially . Dietetics is the application of nutritional knowledge that is particularly tailored to individual needs of the consumers . Applying the knowledge gained helps prevent disease in the population ( nutrition intervention ) . Course objectives At the end of the course , participants are expected to do the following : 1 . To identify the source of desired nutrients from foods available in the local environment 2 . To be able to plan meals for different groups of people in the community 3 . To have the ability to conserve nutrients during food handling as in purchasing , storage , preparation , cooking and food service to consumers 4 . To appreciate the dangers of malnutrition in society 5 . To apply nutritional knowledge in assisting individuals who suffer from nutrition related disorders . COURSE TITLE : Kiswahili COURSE OBJECTIVES At the end of the course , the students should be able to communicate in basic Kiswahili according to their specialization . The course is aimed at introducing the basics of Kiswahili with a view to building and developing student ability to use the language in their everyday communication but most especially concerning their professional environment i . e leisure and hospitality . COURSE TITLE : KISWAHILI 1 OBJECTIVES By the end of this course students should be able to : Greet and respond to both formal and informal greetings in Kiswahili . Construct grammatically correct sentences in all the simple tenses . Count from 1 - 10 , 000 , 000 in Kiswahili including fractions and decimals . Tell time and date in Kiswahili . Read and write Kiswahili words . Answer questions about passages written in Kiswahili . Acquire a substantial amount of terminologies used in business . COURSE TITLE : KISWAHILI 3 OBJECTIVES By the end of the course students will be expected to ; Have acquired advanced skills pertaining to the noun and its agreement / modifications . Design or express information on business cards , company and its facts , position , work , your salary . Have enough vocabulary about international business Construct and apply compound sentences and tenses respectively . COURSE TITLE : FOOD CHEMISTRY AND HYGIENE COURSE CODE : BCH 213 AND DCH 007 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction Food Chemistry and Hygiene is a service course that is required in every aspect of the hospitality industry , especially in food handling . The course imparts some of the basic rules of clean food handling to the large number of people engaged in the food industry . Importance of the course 1 . The course seeks to understand the chemical and biochemical reactions that affect the safety and quality of food during storage and cooking . 2 . Food spoilage and rejection by consumers leading to wastage of resources utilized to produce the meal are avoided . The quality of food is appreciated through its texture , appearance , flavour and taste . These attributes have to be preserved through appropriate food preservation and storage . 3 . The population is protected against eating contaminated food , which would result into food poisoning . To be considered safe , food must be free of any harmful contaminants at the time of its consumption . That promotes the nation s health and wealth . 4 . Employees are motivated by working in clean environment therefore they work carefully and efficiently . Clean food premises attract customers and promote business activities . COURSE TITLE : LEISURE PATTERNS COURSE CODE : BLHM 201 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Introduction The course unit introduces basic concepts as they apply to the leisure industry . It involves the analysis and understanding of leisure philosophy in the society , the inter - relationships between leisure , work and people s leisure needs . The importance of the course to students This course unit acts as an introduction to leisure as a programme of study . Therefore , it aims at giving course participants the basic principles that could be applied to other related leisure course units . Leisure Patterns course also provides students with an overview of leisure industry so that those who prefer undertaking careers in the industry will have an appreciation of the various leisure industry elements . The course unit involves undertaking an organized study tour to various leisure operations in and around Kampala to acquaint students with the various leisure services . Job Opportunities This unit lays the foundation for future careers in ; o Leisure planning in local and central government o Various sports organizations including sports clubs o Fitness centers . o Adventure recreation areas . COURSE TITLE : TOURISM COURSE OBJECTIVES 1 . To famililiarize students with the general principles and main components of tourism . 2 . To provide students with an appreciation of the study of tourism as a domain in its own right . COURSE TITLE : TOURISM SYSTEMS COURSE CODE : DLH 031 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Introduction : Tourism is one of the leading sectors that earn foreign exchange and it is a big contributor to employment in any country that promotes it . Being one of the industries that require less effort in terms of initial investment as compared to other sectors , it can grow faster under proper management . Objectives 1 . To familiarize students with the general principles and main components of tourism . 2 . To provide students with an appreciation of the study of tourism systems as a domain in its own right . 3 . To provide students with a framework within which to locate tourism systems in other various elements of their course . Job opportunities Information officers in Hotel Front offices . Tour guides in tours and travel companies . Supervisors in different tour activities . Self - employment in tourism activities available . Immigration points as hotel agents etc . COURSE TITLE : NUTRITION AND DIETETICS COURSE CODE : DCH 025 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction : Catering and Hotel Management is part of Hospitality industry . This mainly involves provision of Accommodation , Food and Drinks to travelers and the knowledge of the dietary requirements for each group of people involved in this industry is vital to every individual involved in provision of Hospitality services . Objectives . 1 . To promote an understanding of the scientific and nutritional aspects of Food production , cooking and storage , and how they affect the health of people . 2 . At the end of the course one should be able to : Describe different nutrients and their functions Describe the process through which nutrients pass from ingestion to absorption . Estimate body nutrient requirements in different individuals / conditions . Identify food sources of the different categories of nutrients . Discuss factors that affect food and nutrient availability . Discuss the relationship between nutrition and health . Job Opportunities . Hospital kitchens need these graduates to advise on diet problems for different patients . Graduates can work as chefs for special categories of people in Hospitality establishments . Graduates can work in community programmes that promote healthy nutrition practices e . g . early childhood nutrition programmes . COURSE TITLE : HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE : DLH 023 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Introduction : Hospitality industry is made up of two distinct services , the provision of overnight Accommodation for people staying away from home , and the provision of sustenance for people eating away from home , both of which meet very basic human needs - the need to sleep and the need to eat . Objectives At the end of the course , students should : Be able to give an account of what Hospitality industry is all about . Know sectors that make up Hospitality industry . Apply the knowledge acquired to manage / operate Hospitality establishments . Job Opportunities Supervisors in Hospitality establishments , like restaurants , takeaways etc . Managing small businesses in hospitality establishments . This field of study has more potential in job creation since it is practical ( self employment through being innovative ) Information assistants at the reception . COURSE TITLE : LEISURE ENVIRONMENT COURSE CODE : DLH 009 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Introduction Leisure today is increasingly taking a center stage in many peoples lives . This is evident in the fact that many countries earn a lot of foreign exchange from such leisure facilities . People engage in different types of leisure activities and these have to be packaged in the most suitable way to meet their satisfaction . Graduates of this course are tailored to acquire the relevant skills of providing this facility to those who desire them . Course objectives The course is intended to equip the students with the ability to understand , evaluate , control and communicate the Leisure and Hospitality environment . At the end of the course , students should be able to assess and manage the Leisure and Hospitality environment in a professional manner . Graduates should be able to know the concept of Leisure environment in a society with different challenges and that Leisure and Hospitality is the fastest growing industry that requires different approaches to managing leisure activities . Career Opportunities Different levels of opportunities do exist in different leisure and recreation facilities . However some jobs require special training to get practical skills to enable the graduates perform better . They can work as : Health club attendants . Supervisors in recreation facilities Instructors in some specialized leisure activities . E . g . First Aid , Swimming , aerobics etc . COURSE TITLE : RECEPTION OPERATIONS 1 COURSE CODE : BCH 203 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course is taught to students pursuing Bachelor of Catering and Hotel Management in semester one , year two . The course is an introduction to the Front Office , being the nerve centre of Hospitality establishments . The Front Desk is the place where customers get their first impressions when they come to the establishment . It s efficient operation and management is of critical importance . To achieve a competitive edge and excellence in a turbulent environment , Front office personnel must possess unique techniques and skills to ensure total customer satisfaction . During this course , students undertake study tours in hotels around Kampala to familiarize them with what is on the ground . Learning Objectives On completion of the course , students will be able : To handle guests from different backgrounds with regard to communication and service delivery skills To understand the organization and the role of Front office personnel in the operation of the Hospitality establishment To deal efficiently with enquiries and reservations and check - in and checkout systems To handle money and other financial instruments such as Credit cards and Travelers Cheques Handle guests with special needs particularly the handicapped , elderly and children . Career opportunities Students who undertake this course have career opportunities as Front office supervisors in different Hospitality establishments . COURSE TITLE : RECEPTION OPERATIONS 2 COURSE CODE : BCH 303 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction The course is an extension of Reception Operations 1and it is undertaken by students pursuing Bachelor of Catering and Hotel Management in semester one , year three . The course provides a more detailed and in - depth insight into Reception Operations 1 . Reception Operations 2 is a combination of theory and practical skills . Study tours to hotels are made in addition to Video shows , Role - playing and group discussions and presentations . Objectives of the Course At the end of the course , students are expected to : Be well equipped with theoretical and practical skills to handle any difficult situation in the Front office . Understand all aspects of Reception operations in hospitality establishments To employ all the techniques required to increase room occupancy and room revenue Career opportunities Students who pursue this course are capable of supervising all sections of front office in any Hospitality sector . COURSE TITLE : RECEPTION MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE : BCH 305 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course is designed for students pursuing Bachelor of Catering and Hotel Management in semester two , year three . The course focuses on Management perspectives and prepares students to appreciate the challenges and problems faced in an attempt to satisfy individual customer needs . Today s customers are more informed and educated about the service and value for money . This makes it very difficult for modern Hospitality personnel to manage host - guest service encounter and relations . Therefore , there is need to constantly train and equip staff with the necessary skills to provide the right service for the guest . Learning Objectives On completion of the course , students are expected to be : Well equipped with knowledge and skills to handle any customer during the service encounter . Prepared to appreciate challenges and problems that arise during the service encounter and be able to meet and exceed individual customer expectations . Able to judge the appropriateness of a variety of several approaches to problem solving . Capable of managing the Moments of Truth during the service encounter Career opportunities Students who complete this course have the ability and capacity to effectively manage and supervise Front office activities in any Hospitality establishment . COURSE TITLE : INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY COURSE CODE : BLHM 105 PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Introduction Students pursuing Bachelor of Leisure and Hospitality Management in semester one , year one , undertake the course . The course is designed for students interested in exploring careers in Hospitality Management . It looks at the size and diversity of this growing industry and management challenges facing those who enter the industry . The course further explores Management principles used to successfully operate Hotels , Restaurants , Travel and Tourism and the future of the industry . Students are exposed to a variety of learning exercises that help expand their knowledge of the diverse industry . Learning Objectives On completion of this course , students will be able to : Understand social , economic , technological and other environmental components of the Hospitality industry . Know the historical development of the Hospitality industry and its current trends . Comprehend Career opportunities in Hospitality industry . Fully understand and know the functions of managers in the Hospitality profession . Career opportunities Students who complete this course have a variety of Career opportunities in all sectors of Hospitality industry both at operational and managerial levels . COURSE TITLE : FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVICE COURSE CODE : DCH 029 PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction This course is designed to help students broaden their knowledge base in food preparation and service . The focus will be on enabling students meet the demands of the ever - changing market trends in the industry , particularly in food preparation and service with emphasis customer care and personalized service . Course objectives By the end of the course , students should be able to : Plan , design , write and present a menu that can be used as marketing and selling tools in food preparation and service operations . Purchase various items , store , prepare and serve them to customers of different backgrounds and interests . Appreciate that different customers have different needs and interests Ensure customer care and quality service in food and beverage operations . Job opportunities . Career opportunities will to a large extent depend on the individual but the general aim of this course is to enable one to be a professional caterer . It however particularly prepares students for : Food production Food and beverage service Marketing jobs such as sales personnel , public relations and product promotion assistants Opportunities also exist in jobs such as Head Chef , Assistant chef Second Chef , Section Head , Commis Waiter , Station headwaiter , Restaurant Supervisor , Restaurant Manager , Foods and Beverage Manager . COURSE TITLE : INDUSTRIAL TRAINING COURSE CODE : BCH II ( 218 ) DCH II ( 027 ) DIPLOMA IN CATERING AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT Introduction Industrial Training course is an annual academic exercise that the department undertakes to expose our students to the real - life , hands - on environment of the Hospitality Industry . The aim is to enable the future of students through local and international attachments to reputable hospitality establishments that can reinforce the knowledge acquired from school . The course aims at producing hands - on students with the confidence to competently handle the various challenges of the industry . It also enables the students to identify areas of interest for their specialization in the industry . Industrial Training enables the department to examine our students degree of professionalism before passing them for graduation . This has enabled the department to supply the Hospitality Industry with the professional managers it is craving for . Course objectives : To provide knowledge of the Hospitality Industry in Uganda through tutorials . To train skills e . g . in the use of equipment , carrying out routine operations that different business institutions and the industry may exhibit . To provide knowledge of materials and processes that the students might not have accessed during their study at the School . To expose the students to real - life situations , face - face interactions with the industry customers and a real - life work environment . To foster attitudes of awareness , cost and efficiency implications , social and economic interactions in order to instill individual maturity and self - confidence in the students . To develop abilities of planning , organizing and communicating that can further enhance our students appreciation of the Hospitality s potential to provide a useful career . To enable the students to identify the gaps between knowledge acquired in class and real - life experience . COURSE TITLE : HYGIENE COURSE CODE : BCH 213 Introduction Hygiene is a service course that is required in every aspect of the hospitality industry , especially in food handling and house housekeeping . The course imparts some of the basic rules of clean food handling to people who are engaged in the food industry . To satisfy a client nutritionally and psychologically , food must be clean , safe and acceptable . To be acceptable , the appearance , taste and flavour must be good . Course objectives At the end of the course the following objectives are expected to be achieved : 1 . To appreciate clean food premises that would attract customers and promote business activities . 2 . To understand the chemical and biochemical reactions which affect the safety and quality of food during storage and cooking . 3 . To avoided food spoilage and rejection by consumers leading to wastage of resources utilized to produce the meal . 4 . To appreciate quality of food through its texture , appearance , flavour and taste resulting from appropriate food preservation and storage methods . 5 . To protect the population against eating contaminated food that would result into food poisoning . To be considered safe , food must be free of any harmful contaminants at the time of its consumption . That promotes the nation ’ s health and wealth . 6 . To motivate employees by working in clean environment so as to work carefully and efficiently . Careers in Hygiene Hygiene is required at all levels in business of any types so as to cater for psychological satisfaction of the customers . back home Related documents Department of Accounting Department of Finance Course briefs in Finance Department of Marketing , Procurement and Logistics Department of Management Course briefs in Management Department of Leisure and Hospitality Course briefs in Leisure and Hospitality Department of Business Computing Course briefs in Business Computing Course briefs in Marketing , Procurement and Logistics Master of Science in Marketing ( MSc Mktg ) Bachelor of Procurement and Supply Chain Management Course briefs in Marketing , Proc and Logistics Bachelor of International Business Procurement and Logistics Profession Staff Directory Department of Marketing , Proc and Logistics staff profiles Mr . Saturday John ' s proflie Mr . Byarugaba Jotham ' s profile Ms . Akello Mary ' s profile Mrs Birungi Mabel Komunda ' s profile Ms . Ikiror Cathy ' s profile Ms . Katusime Jovita ' s profile Mr . Kamya Moses ' s profile Mr . Katongole Chris ' profile Mr . Kulaaza Mathias ' profile Mr . Lapyem Alfred ' s profile Mr . Mulumba Mathias profile Mr . Musigire Sam ' s profile Mr . Okello Waata ' s profile Mr . Tukamuhabwa Benjamin Mrs . Ikiring Winfred Mr . Bategeka Levi Kabagambe ' s profile Ms Najja Terry Kakeeto ' s profile Ms . Nabatanzi K . Annet ' s profile Ms . Namakula Stella ' s profile Mr . Ngoma Muhammed ' s profile Dr . Ntayi Joseph ' s profile Mr . Okelo - Ouni Alfred ' s profile Mr . Omagor Charles ' profile Ms Eyaa Sarah ' s profile Mr . Yombo L . Raymond ' s profile Mr . Kamuntu Geofrey ' s profile Mr . Kigwana Samuel ' s profile Mr . Kiyingi David ' s profile Ms . Namisano Patrice Mr . Musinguzi Mulera Julius ' profile Mr . Mwebaza Benon ' s profile Mr . Waswa Tom Davis ' profile Finance Lecturing team Finance Department Lecturing Team Department of Management Science Course briefs in Management Science Department of Management Science Department of Marketing and International Business Department of Procurement and Logistics Management Academic departments information ( 58 related documents ) Course Guide ( 15 related documents ) Housing Online courses title Semester Schedule Career Guidance Activity Schedule 3RD Year Students 2006 Information on resources ( 3 related documents ) Tuition fees Inter regional conference " ... we are proud of our past and excited about our future and welcome all our visitors to join with us in celebrating our previous achievements and to help us in achieving new triumphs ... " [ Prof . Bojosi Otlhogile , VC ] Written Economies are global in every sense of the word , and there is always a global dimension to business activities . G . A . Cole

The Department offers courses in Physiology , Pharmacology and Toxicology , Animal Management and Biochemistry . In addition , the department offers several modules to other Faculty Programs such as the Bachelor of Biomedical Laboratory Technology , Bachelor of Wildlife Health and Management and Master of Food Animal Health and Production . Research areas include alternative medicine and nutrition . Services to the community The department has a functional nutrition laboratory and offers the following services to the academic staff , researchers , students , extension workers , feed manufacturers , farmers and the general public ; Developing products and formulas for various animal and human feeds for commercial and scientific purposes using computer - guided linear programs . Testing and diagnosing feed formulas and simulation models of compound feeds to check for their suitability and nutrient balance according to cost , animal , season and agro - ecological zone . Quality assurance of food and feed products . Analysing food and feed stuffs for various nutrients , toxic and anti - nutritional factors etc .

Kisoro Community Volunteers Association P . O . Box 4775 Kampala . Suite 11 Ambassador House , Kampala Road . Tel + 256 - ( 0 ) 772 - 877257 , ( 0 ) 772 - 308702 , ( 0 ) 712 - 841180 Email Address : kisorovolunteers @ yahoo . com Internet : www . traveluganda . co . ug / kisorovolunteers A holiday with a difference , for students , professionals retires and those with and without work experience . Home ¦ The Association ¦ Programme Agreement KISORO COMMUNITY VOLUNTEERS ASSOCIATION Introduction : Kisoro Community volunteers association is a community - based organisation , the association liased with international volunteer ’ s organizations universities , academic institutions and other non - academic institutions and volunteers as host organizations to provide internship opportunities and other expertise opportunities to the volunteers from these organizations . The volunteers in turn provide capacity building and skills development to various professionals in our local community . This uplifts the quality of the services offered to the people , and the district . And also helps to enhance development through increased opportunities / contacts with the international world . KISORO DISTRICT : Kisoro District is one of the districts of Uganda . It is situated in the extreme part of the southwestern region of the country . It is bordered by Rwanda and democratic republic of Congo . Rugged valleys , spurs plateaus and hills characterize it . It ’ s mainly a high altitude area - well over 1800meters above sea level . One of the prominent features in this place is the dead volcano of Muhavura Mountain . It has two rainfall peaks , one in January and one in September . It ’ s generally a cold place with a mild – cold climate . Due to its difficult terrain and big population , there are a lot of challeges faced by the inhabitants : depend mainly on agriculture , producing little for subsistence . However , despite the above problems , it ’ s also blessed with beautiful scenery and good resources like ; the endangered mountain gorillas which attract large numbers of tourists from allover the world . OUR MISSION Sustainable development programmes are meant to improve people ’ s living conditions through education , research healthcare , Community sensitization , Community Development work , Nature and Environmental conservation , Food and Agricultural and natural resource management by sensitizing our communities through the above programmes . And by empowering people , increasing their capacity to do that which they have determined is important for their future . THE ASSOCIATION Kisoro community volunteers association is a Community - Based Organization founded in 2001 by two of its current directors . Steven Rugigana and Jackie Mbabazi registered as a community - based organization with the Directorate of community based services in Kisoro District Uganda . It liaises with international volunteers organizations , volunteers , universities , academic institutions and other non - academic intuitions as a host organization for the local communities in the District . The association has two offices , one based in Kampala , which is run by a coordinator assisted by volunteers . This office organizes services programs for volunteers . The office in Kisoro is run by two directors and volunteers . The office identifies service programs and implements them in the district for local communities . THE ASSOCIATION PROJECTS Kisoro community volunteers association believes strongly in the holistic approach requires that such projects be planned , designed and managed within the broader development needs of community development and environmental considerations . The association therefore believes in long - term solutions to development problems through sustainable and environmentally sound natural resource management . Finances Kisoro community volunteers association has practically no funds of its own . Outside support is essential to continue service programs for the communities and meet the need for new service programs in kisoro district and build up the association ’ s facilities . Objectives of the Association · To identify and organize service programs for international volunteers organizations , academic institutions and for the individual volunteer . · Developing sustainable contacts with volunteer ’ s organizations from different parts of the world to provide volunteers service to the kisoro community in various institutions e . g . schools , hospitals , development programmes etc . · Improve skills of the local people through on - job training / capacity building provided by the volunteers . · Promote social ; and economic development through improved skill for the local community . · Build contacts with the international world to enhance opportunities for development . Goals / Activties : · To mobilize volunteers internationally for the implementation of various programmes in the district . · To run the affairs of the Association as a community based Organisation . · To co - operate with local government and other institutions that are a stakeholder in this area . · To mobilize resources locally and internationally to execute programmes and implement projects in the District . · To extend technical support through out reach programmes organized by the volunteers association . Target Institution : Volunteers work with and providing on site technical assistance to the following institution among others ; ( service programs ) · Primary and secondary schools : Assistance is focus on teaching students to the country ’ s acceptable teaching curriculum . Emphasis is placed on building the capacity of our local teachers through on - job training and improving the quality of education for the students through the introduction of extra - curricular / vocational activities . · Health Related activities : The lack of medical staff in the district is so evident and appealing . The volunteers help to reduce the number / ratio of patients per medical staff . They also help to improve the quality of medical services through improved techniques from their countries , which they also inculcate among the medical staff . Community / home base care for people living with HIV / AIDS and HIV / AIDS Prevention and control campaign . · Community Development works : Meaningful sustainable development must directly benefit the people . All development programmes and projects are meant to improve the people ’ s living conditions . These include working with relief agencies , community sensitization , Community Economic Development through micro finance institutions , gender issues and working with local governments to help improve on the skills of the staff which improve on the method of delivering services to the people . · Nature and Environmental Conservation : Volunteers work with projects aimed at conserving and enhancing the natural resources base , soil and water conservation . They also provide techniques / services regarding environmental conservation , management of wetlands and agro - forestry . Also working with national gorilla parks to help save the mountain guerrillas which are endangered species · Lands Department : Land is an essential factor for all development projects . In all cases , land use choices have to be made . It often that , wrong planning decision and choices are made and this entirely affects the productivity of this important asset . Volunteers work or liaise with lands departments to provide new ideas on land tenure systems , ownership and their relationship to sustainable development . · Food and agriculture department : This will include working with food security related programmes or research programmes involved in improving production systems and techniques , traditional food crops , food preservation and storage methods plus studies concerning factors of production such as land , Capital and labour . · GIVE A CHILD A PEN PROJECT : This project is to enable each child in schools , which are affiliated with our association to access pens and books . Most of the children are from poor communities or are orphans . You can volunteers on this project by teaching in one of the schools . And you will have the honour to present this gifts , this gift will be catered for with your service program fee ( Project fee ) . You can make a donation on this project without volunteering on it , by supporting a child on this project . By donating US $ 50 per year for a child . RESEARCH Kisoro Community Volunteers Association . Main objectives is to promote research and development into continued income poverty in kisoro district and to disseminate the results of any such research . Kisoro Community Volunteers Association is developing a sustainable strategy for action against poverty and will be seeking partnership or close collaboration with any individual , organizations , companies , institutions , societies and associations , which have objects altogether or mainly similar to those of the association . HEALTH Kisoro Community Volunteers Association believes that health is so closely related to socio - economic and environmental condition that it remains the common link in Kisoro Community Volunteers Association ’ s strategic thought . 1 . Primary health care : you could research on the effectiveness of the strategies used in delivering primary health care in the communities of kisoro district . 2 . Availability of health facilities in the rural communities of kisoro . EDUCATION How sustainable is the universal primary education programme ( UPE ) . Has it delivered to the people ’ s expectations ? COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1 . How effective are the government ’ s poverty eradication strategies as stipulated in the government ’ s poverty eradication action plan ? 2 . Has the growth of the micro finance industry in district led to an increase in access to financial services in the rural communities of kisoro district ? FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Research programme involved in improving production systems and techniques , traditional food crops , food preservation and storage methods plus studies concerning factors of production such as land , capital and labour . TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY Technology research and application is the key to sustainable development . Application of appropriate technologies in agriculture and industry are given due attention in all our projects development activities . Research into the application of appropriate technologies for small - scale industries and the utilization of locally available raw materials is emphasized . Such application like in food processing , handcrafts , food storage , fibres , dyes extraction , etc , is investigated for their industrial uses . Note : All the above service programs have a duration time of one week to one year . SERVICE PROGRAM FEE One year US $ 5000 Six months US $ 3000 Three months US $ 2000 One month US $ 1500 Two weeks US $ 800 One week US $ 500 Students doing Research work on our projects for one month US $ 1 , 000 . OUR AIM The basic aim of the Association is to provide internship and expertise employment to volunteers who in turn provide services to local communities , Government , non Government Organizations , individuals and other institutions involved in the general well being and development of the district . Their services will be designed to strengthen and enable the local communities Organizations , Agencies and individuals in their efforts to achieve development on a sustainable basis , which will boost economic growth in Kisoro poor community . This will increase the basic services for those some poor . We look forward to your support and to work with you in the implementation and achievement set out for this noble cause .

30 January - 03 February : 32nd ASARECA Committee of Directors and Annual General Meeting , Entebbe , Uganda . 8 - 10 February : Africa Fertilizer Summit Technical Committee Meeting , Abuja , Nigeria . 8 - 10 February : ECAPAPA Dairy Regional Meeting , Nairobi , Kenya . 27 - 28 February : RABESA Regional Workshop Planning Meeting , Nairobi , Kenya . RABESA Report III : Food Aid Import Policies In the COMESA / ASARECA Region : Prior to 2002 , African countries in the COMESA / ASARECA region accepted unmilled maize from the United Nations World Food Programme ( WFP ) as food aid without controversy . Some of this food aid was sourced from countries such as the United States , Canada , and Argentina which had been planting GM varieties of maize since 1996 , so the food aid was presumed to have some GM content . Yet it was being imported for human consumption rather than planting , and often as emergency assistance , so the GM content had not become an issue . These circumstances changed in 2002 , a year when more than 15 million people across seven countries in southern Africa faced food deficits . A number of SADC countries took policy decisions , limiting the import of food aid that might have GM content . Zimbabwe , Mozambique , Lesotho , and Malawi placed various restrictions on imports of unmilled GM yellow maize grain from WFP , and Zambia refused even milled GM maize . Only Swaziland continued to accept GM maize as food aid through WFP . 1 As a result of the policy changes , WFP was obliged to re - route and even reverse some food aid deliveries to the region . Large shipments of GM maize were stranded at ports of entry , and WFP had to make immediate arrangements to mill large quantities of GM maize in South Africa , where previously mothballed mills were re - opened . The process of milling added $ 25 per ton to the cost of delivering the food aid , and resulted in delivery delays . 2 Milling extraction also reduced the total quantity of maize available for distribution , and the additional handling , superintendence , tallying , and transport costs needed to move GM maize and the resultant maize meal in and out of mills increased the already high overland costs incurred by aid distributors . 3 Nonetheless , in 2003 at a meeting in Dar es Salaam , the fourteen SADC countries adopted guidelines endorsing the milling of GM maize prior to its distribution as food RABESA Report IV : Estimating Commercial Export Risks From Approval Of Genetically Modified ( GM ) Crops In The COMESA / ASARECA Region African governments in the COMESA / ASARECA region occasionally refer to the commercial export risks they might encounter if they were to begin approving the planting of genetically modified ( GM ) agricultural crops within their own borders . It is well understood that many consumers in some importing countries , particularly in Europe , would prefer not to purchase and consume GM foods . In deference to such consumers , many governments in Europe and elsewhere have placed increasingly strict labeling and tracing requirements on foods with GM content , including imported foods . Some private importers in Europe have begun to make purchases only from countries that do not plant GM crops , or only from countries that can credibly segregate GM from non - GM crops . Under these circumstances , it is understandable that African governments dependent exports of agricultural commodities to Europe , and perhaps not capable of implementing a credible product segregation or labeling and tracing scheme , might hesitate to approve the planting of GM crops on grounds of commercial export risk . These commercial export risks are real , but what is their magnitude ? In this fourth part of the RABESA project estimates the total dollar value of agricultural exports that might be lost by the six countries under study , both in a worst case and in a more likely case . The worst case is defined as one in which all agricultural that have GM content or might be construed as GM tainted are shunned by all importers . In the more likely case , these products are shunned only by European importers ( both EU and non - EU Europe ) . We learn from this exercise that even in the worst case most African countries are quite safe from the commercial export risks that might be associated with planting GM crops , because of the product composition of their exports . Most of the crops they currently export such as coffee , tea , sugar , banana , cocoa , oil palm , or groundnuts are crops for which GM varieties either do not yet exist or are not yet being planted anywhere , so even the most GM - sensitive importers will have no reason to shun these products . And most of Africa s exports of crops that could be seen as GM , such as maize , go not to GM - sensitive importers in Europe , but to other African countries . This makes the issue one that African countries can resolve largely among themselves . To estimate of the commercial export losses the six study countries might suffer if they were to approve the planting of crops such as Bt maize and Bt cotton , we must examine both the composition and the direction of their current agricultural product exports . This is most conveniently done through the electronic United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database ( UN Comtrade ) . 1 Of these various product exports we must then construct a list of RABESA Reprt II : Projected Farm Income Gains in the COMESA / ASARECA Region from Commercialization of Bt Cotton Bt cotton gives farmers a more effective and less costly way to control damage from insects such as bollworms . Approval of Bt cotton for commercial planting should therefore provide cotton farmers with a new opportunity to increase income . Governments that contemplate approving Bt cotton might wish to know the likely magnitude of these anticipated farm income gains . Estimating farm income gains from Bt cotton approval , country by country in Africa , is a challenging task . Bt cotton is not yet commercially grown in any country in Africa ( except the Republic of South Africa ) , so direct evidence of income benefits cannot yet be collected from inside the six COMESA / ASARECA countries studied here . We have abundant evidence of income gains in other countries following the commercialization of Bt cotton , yet projecting similar gains inside African countries is problematic , because of country - by - country variations in the capacity of farmers to adopt the new technology ( e . g . , we must assume a capacity to purchase the Bt seeds ) , and also because of variations in the incentive to do so ( e . g . , the extent of bollworm infestation ) . The approach taken by the RABESA project is to acknowledge these difficulties and provide an estimate of farm income gains from Bt cotton that employs a simple methodology , one in which the most important assumptions are both transparent and easily adjustable . The method used here begins with an examination of the actual harvested area of cotton in each study country . Data on harvested area are available from the Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) of the United Nations . We then estimate the share of this total cotton area currently being managed by farmers who enjoy reliable and affordable access to quality seeds . The actual switch of these farmers from currently available quality seeds to Bt seeds will then depend upon whether or not control of bollworm is viewed as a primary constraint on production and income . Based on experience in other developing countries , we assume that where bollworm is a primary production and farm income constraint , roughly 60 percent of the cotton area currently planted by these farmers who currently purchase or receive high quality cotton seed will switch to Bt varieties within 5 - 10 years . If the bollworm constraint is only secondary , we assume only a 30 percent switch to Bt . If the bollworm constraint is small compared to other farm income constraints for these farmers , we assume only a 10 percent adoption rate on this acreage currently planted to improved varieties . Once we have used this method to project the total area on which Bt cotton is likely to be grown , we can then bring in evidence from other countries of income gains per hectare from switching to Bt . This will allow at least a crude estimate of total income gains expected from commercializing Bt cotton in each of the six study countries . RABESA Report I 2005 : Projected Farm Income Gains in the COMESA / ASARECA Region from Commercialization of Bt Maize Bt maize gives farmers a more effective and less costly way to control damage from insects such as stalk borers . Approval of Bt maize for commercial planting should therefore provide maize farmers with a new opportunity to earn more income . Governments that contemplate approving Bt maize might wish to know the likely magnitude of these anticipated farm income gains . Estimating farm income gains from Bt maize approval , country by country in Africa , is a challenging task . Bt maize is not yet commercially grown in any country in Africa ( except South Africa ) , so direct evidence of income benefits cannot yet be collected from inside our six COMESA / ASARECA countries . We have abundant evidence of income gains in other countries following the commercialization of Bt maize , yet projecting similar gains inside our six African countries is problematic , because of country - by - country variations in the capacity of farmers to adopt the new technology ( e . g . , a capacity to purchase the Bt maize seeds ) , and also because of variations in the incentive to do so ( which will depend on the magnitude of the stalk borer constraint ) . The approach taken by the RABESA project is to acknowledge these difficulties and provide an estimate of farm income gains from Bt maize that employs a simple methodology , one for which the most important assumptions are both transparent and adjustable . Users of these estimates are invited to insert their own assumptions to produce re - calculations of the benefit . The method used here begins with an examination of the actual harvested area of maize in each study country . Data on harvested area are available from the Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) of the United Nations . We then estimate the share of this maize area that is currently planted to improved varieties of maize , including hybrids and improved OPVs . We assume it is this area currently planted to improved varieties that will first switch to Bt . The percentage of this improved seed area likely to switch to Bt will depend largely on the income constraints seed - buying farmers currently feel from stalk borer pests , since those are the pests the Bt maize is equipped to resist . We assume here that where stalk borers are a primary farm production and farm income constraint for these farmers , roughly 40 percent of the maize area currently planted to improved varieties will switch to Bt varieties within 5 - 10 years . If the stalk borer constraint is only secondary , we assume only a 20 percent switch to Bt . If the stalk borer constraint is small compared to other farm income constraints for these farmers , we assume only a 10 percent adoption rate on this acreage currently planted to improved varieties . Once we have used this method to project the total area on which Bt maize is likely to be grown , we can then bring in evidence from other countries of income gains per hectare from switching to Bt . This will allow at least a crude estimate of total income gains to be expected in the six study countries from commercializing Bt maize . Fertilizer : Uganda Second draft Report 2005 This study was undertaken to assess the fertilizer sub sector in Uganda , with two main objectives . First , to identify policies , regulations and procedures governing fertilizers sub sector in Uganda ( trade / marketing and utilization of fertilizers ) . Second , to identify the constraint to fertilizer trade / marketing and utilization in Uganda . Third to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the fertilizer policy . And fourth to suggest viable options of harmonizing the fertilizer policies in Uganda . The study was based on a review of existing literature and secondary data , supplemented by primary data gathered through discussions with the different stakeholders fertilizer subsector . The stakeholders targeted by the study included importers , wholesalers , regulators and NGOs promoting the use of fertilizers , and financial institutions . The information from both sources was analyzed in light of the study objectives . Gender : Phase II report , September 2005 In 2001 , the International Development Center ( IDRC ) supported the Eastern and Central Africa Programme for Agricultural Policy Analysis ( ECAPAPA ) to strengthen integration of gender into agricultural research in Eastern and Central Africa . ECAPAPA is a programme of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa ( ASARECA ) . The ASARECA was established in 1994 and covers 10 countries , namely Burundi , Democratic Republic of Congo ( DRC ) , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Kenya , Madagascar , Rwanda , Sudan , Tanzania and Uganda . The ECAPAPA was established in 1997 to ( i ) address the need to improve agricultural policy analysis in the region and , ( ii ) bring the National Agricultural Research Systems ( NARS ) into the processes of policy research and analysis . One of its tasks is to increase the ability of individuals and institutions related to agriculture to influence agricultural policies . Project funding from the IDRC meets ECAPAPA s mandate in both capacity building and policy analysis . Gender is one of the key areas where both capacities and policies are weak , hence this support . The support was to specifically help : a ) Develop approaches , tools and methodologies designed to incorporate gender disaggregated information into agricultural research problem , formulation , and decision - making and policy formulation process . b ) Use new tools and / or classical approaches to incorporate gender analysis concepts and tools , in ongoing and planned projects / programmes and on natural resource management ( NRM ) and commodity research . c ) Disseminate research findings that show the positive and negative consequences using gendered approaches in NRM and commodity research . d ) Assist ASARECA member National Agricultural Research Organization ( NARO ) , Regional Agricultural Research Networks ( RARNs ) as well as its Committee of its Directors in the formulation of gender policy , where this does not exist , and in strengthening their institutional capacity for incorporation of the gender factor and utilization of gender disaggregated information in project / programme planning and implementation . ECAPAPA - IFPRI FOOD POLICY RESEARCH PROGRAM Agriculture looms large in national economies throughout Eastern and Central Africa , accounting for roughly 40 percent of regional gross domestic product ( GDP ) . Agricultural productivity growth , however , has stagnated in recent years . Average yields for most crops currently fall well below levels elsewhere in Africa . In most countries of Eastern and Central Africa , agricultural growth has not kept pace with population growth . Given that the bulk of the region ' s population resides in rural areas and depends on agriculture for income and sustenance , hunger and malnutrition have deepened in recent years . The countries of Eastern and Central Africa are , therefore , progressively less able to meet the needs of their burgeoning populations . Gender Factor in Agricultural Research Programmes Background Information : Interest in gender analysis for research and development , in most of the developing world , has grown significantly over the past 25 years . This has resulted from a growing awareness of the importance of gender as a category of differentiation among resource users , especially when assessing their access to natural resources as well as the efficiency and sustainability of the agricultural production systems they manage . This differentiation is particularly important to consider in the case of sub - Saharan Africa , where most farmers are subsistence - smallholder and women - while the support given to the sector considers them as men almost exclusively . Data from many studies indicates that women constitute more than 50 % of the labour force engaged in agricultural activities in Africa as a whole . This percentage figure is even higher in the subsistence farmer sector and in the more fragile ecologies . Furthermore , most agricultural systems in the region are labour intensive , i . e . , human muscle power plays an inordinate role ( with little utilisation of external animate and / or inanimate energy sources ) in them . For these reasons , gender considerations become paramount when selecting and introducing new technologies or policies for increasing and sustaining the productivity of agricultural labour and / or land in the region . However , the full analysis and elucidation of how the gender factor is influencing the social , economic , environmental , and even political performance of agriculture in terms of its productivity and as a user of natural resources is yet to be realised . Even further behind is the application of such knowledge to the whole process of technology development and transfer , formulation of agricultural policies and designing of institutional arrangements required to propel agriculture and to improve its contribution to sustainable and equitable development in the region . Completed Projects Total Records : 9 Agricultural Technology , Economic Viability and Poverty Alleviation As per the 1998 - 1999 Work Plan , ECAPAPA commissioned four studies — from Ethiopia , Kenya , Tanzania and Uganda — on the role of agricultural technology in poverty alleviation . The objective was to show the role that improved technologies play ( or could play ) in alleviating poverty . In this endeavour , three or four improved technologies were selected in each country , their adoption ( if any ) evaluated , their economic viability assessed as well as their potential contribution to poverty alleviation . These papers were presented at the Agricultural Transformation Workshop that was held from 28 to 30 June 1999 in Nairobi , Kenya . In anticipation of the need to “ learn from success cases ” and better disseminate them for the benefit of policy makers , the policy options were examined . In their discussions , participants took advantage of the four studies . In late 1999 , dissemination of the findings from these studies was done through a number of media : the four papers were posted on the Internet ; a special issue in the ASARECA AgriForum Newsletter ; eight issues in the ECAPAPA newsletter , and a policy synthesis written by workshop organisers . In 2000 , after consultations with the presenters of these , the ECAPAPA Coordinating Unit decided to hold one day workshops as one of the best ways to nationally disseminated the key messages from these papers . Farm Household Financial Profitability of Recommended Technologies In November 1998 , three studies on Farm Household Financial Profitability of Recommended Technologies were conducted in Kenya , Tanzania , and Uganda by multi - disciplinary teams based at the National Agricultural Research Institutes ( NARIs ) . The main objective of these studies was to determine farm household financial profitability of recommended crop variety technology under different technological levels and agro - ecologies . The studies were also meant to set the beginning of NARI bio - phyiscal scientists to start appreciating the role of integrating profitability concerns in the planning of their technology development work . The studies also looked at non - price issues , which affect profitability of technologies . These studies also helped to test various collaborative elements between ASARECA and NARIs including progress reporting and handling of research funds . Lessons learned from these small , but important , research grants will be useful in marshalling future grants of larger magnitude . Two teams — Tanzania and Uganda — have successfully completed and submitted the study reports . National dissemination workshops of key messages to specific stakeholder groups were organised and carried out in 2000 . The Kenyan team faced a number of problems in completing the study . Planned Projects Total Records : 9 ASARECA Strategic Plan 2005 - 2015 ASARECA s strategic plan 2005 - 2015 was unveiled in the just concluded 32nd ASARECA Committee of Directors meeting which took place in Entebbe from 30 January to 03 February . In the strategic plan , ASARECA emphasizes the role of agriculture in poverty reduction strategies and calls for more collaboration among member countries and their partners in order for the eastern and central Africa region to realize the Millennium Development Goals , particularly of reducing poverty and hunger by half before 2015 . Events calender ECAPAPA CALENDAR OF EVENTS FOR 2005 Capacity Strengthening in Managing Conflicts in Natural Resource Management and Use in Eastern and Central Africa A number of questions will be raised by the activities of this project and the answers will be useful in contributing to more informed decision making at various levels on how to sustainably manage natural resources to meet equity , gender and efficiency concerns . Examples of such questions are : why does conflict occur over the use of natural resource ? How are external factors built into the local conflicts ? What governing mechanisms are conducive to equitable and sustainable natural resource management ( NRM ) by communities ? How can research help identify opportunities for turning conflict into collaboration ? The concern on NRM and associated conflicts is becoming more real than ever before mainly because with reduced government power and influence in the countries of the region , NRM decisions are increasingly being influenced by resource users who include subsistence and small - scale farmers , small - scale miners , pastoralists , large scale farmers , private corporations in industries such as forestry , mining and hydro power . In this process , resources may be used by some in ways that undermine the livelihood of others . Sometimes the usage of natural resources is influenced by a series of natural , social or cultural dimensions that are exogenous to the individual decision making framework of the user . These are , but not limited to , the natural environment ( lack of pastures / water ) , gender , age , ethnicity factors , etc . Why should this subject be the concern of ASARECA and ECAPAPA ? ASARECA ' s main constituency is agricultural technology generation and transfer , and ASARECA ’ s goal is accelerated , equitable economic growth , poverty alleviation , environmental sustainability and food security . ECAPAPA promotes policies and institutions that facilitate sustainable and equitable productivity growth . But generating technologies without necessarily being conscious of the medium ( people and the natural environment ) and the conditions of the media in which the technology is being developed has the potential of raising conflicts , sustainability , ethical , moral and equity concerns . Conflicts may lead to chaotic and wasteful deployment of human capacities and the depletion of the very natural resources on which the developed technologies are to be applied and on which livelihoods , economies and societies that are expected to receive the technology are based . Rationalisation and Harmonisation of Policies , Regulations , Procedures , Grades and Standards in the Maize Grain Sub - Sector in Eastern Africa Maize is the number 1 priority crop in the ASARECA research portfolio . It is also the most abundant grain crop , as regards area planted , as well as the most intra - regionally traded grain in the east African countries . The crop has a high potential for positively impacting on household income and increasing food security . There is also a high potential for export outside the eastern African region . In addition , four of the ASARECA countries ’ NARIs ( Kenya , Ethiopia , Tanzania and Uganda ) have well - established maize research programmes . The main objective of this project is to address policy and structural constraints , which impede the integration of the region ’ s individual country ’ s grain markets ( The USAID / REDSO / CARANA consultancy report noted that maize trade in the region is highly regulated ) . The economic principles behind are assertions that , through the development of an enabling policy environment for intra - regional trade in maize , the private sector , given the necessary institutional support and market signals , will carry out the required market functions efficiently . The private sector will therefore be able to contribute to regional food security through supplying the region with maize required in times of national shortages and sell excess supply , without reducing financial incentives of producers . The study will focus on aspects of maize - grain trade liberalisation with specific reference to the harmonisation of policies , regulations , procedures , grades and standards that will facilitate smooth regional trade . Although maize has been extensively researched , such studies have suffered from two draw - backs : i ) they have tended to stop at the data analysis stage and hence not making meaningful impact , and ii ) in addition to being random , spontaneous and spotty , in all cases , the studies have been nationally based . The problem has been compounded by the fact that due to lack of hard evidence data and consensus on the economic rationale of grain market liberalisation across national boundaries , the reforms that have occurred have also suffered reversals causing serious discontent and disbelief on the part of the key sub - sector players — farmers , traders , transporters , millers , etc .