Overview

Why do we need Ontologies?

If you are reading this, you will not need convincing of the huge and increasing importance of information systems in human economic and social activities. Given the complexity of the world, the enormity of the task of representing and organising this information is recognised as a major obstacle to the development of intelligent computer systems.

The term ontology is used by philosophers to describe that branch of metaphysics that deals with the question of `What things exist?' In recent years `ontology' has become a buzz word in information science, where it refers to a rigorous formal specification of a vocabulary of concepts and relations. Such specifications are playing an increasingly important role in ensuring the integrity of data both within single, information-rich applications and in the transfer of data between applications.

The Foundational Ontology Database

The  Ontological Theory Database  or Ontobase is a resource for maintaining and disseminating ontological theories.

The Ontobase consists of a set of Prolog files which store formula sets together with certain important meta-information describing the status of each formula, the properties and intended interpretation of theories and concepts and relationships between the various sub-theories.  The theory web pages are generated automatically from the prolog source files (you can look at the source via a link on each theory page).

The database has a hierarchical structure in which one theory can incorporate others as sub-theories.  Where a theory is incorporated in this way, its domain of quantification may be restricted to coincide with the extension of a specified predicate of the larger theory in which it is included.